Religious Affiliation of the Directors of
the Time Magazine's
All-Time 100 Best Movies
(chosen from all languages, worldwide, from 1923 to 2005)

Source of complete list of movies: Time Magazine, 2005 (http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/the_complete_list.html; viewed 31 October 2005)

Directors, Writers and Actors with Multiple Listings on TIME's "100 Best Movies" List:
9 people have directed more than one listing on TIME Magazine's list of the 100 best movies released since 1923. (Keep in mind that the writers of this list often attempted to choose just one or two movies to represent a director, and that in doing so they are not necessarly claiming that all of the other movies on the list are better than the movies by that director which are not listed.):

• Martin Scorsese (3: Goodfellas; Raging Bull; Taxi Driver)
• Akira Kurosawa (Ikiru; Yojimbo)
• Billy Wilder (Double Indemnity; Some Like It Hot)
• Elia Kazan (On the Waterfront; A Streetcar Named Desire)
• Ernst Lubitsch (Ninotchka; The Shop Around the Corner)
• Francois Truffaut (Day for Night; The 400 Blows)
• Ingmar Bergman (Persona; Smiles of a Summer Night)
• Sergio Leone (The Good, The Bad and The Ugly; Once Upon a Time in the West)
• Stanley Donen (Charade; Singin' in the Rain)
• Stanley Kubrick (Barry Lyndon; Dr. Strangelove: or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb)
• Steven Spielberg (E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial; Schindler's List)

• Ben Hecht (3: His Girl Friday; Notorious; The Shop Around the Corner)
• Billy Wilder (3: in addition to Double Indemnity and Some Like It Hot, which he also directed, he co-wrote Ninotchka)
• Clifford Odets (Notorious; Sweet Smell of Success)
• Daniel Mainwaring (Invasion of the Body Snatchers; Out of the Past)
• David Webb Peoples (Blade Runner; Unforgiven)
• Herman J. Mankiewicz (Citizen Kane; The Last Command)
• Jacques Prevert (Children of Paradise; The Crime of Monsieur Lange)
• James M. Cain (Double Indemnity; Out of the Past)
• Paul Schrader (Raging Bull; Taxi Driver)
• Robert Towne (Bonnie and Clyde; Chinatown)

• Robert De Niro (5: The Godfather, Parts I and II; Brazil; Goodfellas; Raging Bull; Taxi Driver)
• Cary Grant (4: The Awful Truth; Charade; His Girl Friday; Notorious)
• Marlon Brando (3: The Godfather, Parts I and II; On the Waterfront; A Streetcar Named Desire)
• Alec Guinness (3: Kind Hearts and Coronets; Lawrence of Arabia; Star Wars)
• Barbara Stanwyck (3: Baby Face; Double Indemnity; The Lady Eve)
• Claudia Cardinale (8 1/2; Once Upon a Time in the West)
• Clint Eastwood (The Good, The Bad and The Ugly and Unforgiven, which he also directed)
• Faye Dunaway (Bonnie and Clyde; Chinatown)
• Gene Hackman (Bonnie and Clyde; Unforgiven)
• Greta Garbo (Camille; Ninotchka)
• Harrison Ford (Blade Runner; Star Wars)
• Henry Fonda (The Lady Eve; Once Upon a Time in the West)
• Humphrey Bogart (Casablanca; In A Lonely Place)
• Ingrid Bergman (Casablanca; Notorious)
• James Stewart (It's A Wonderful Life; The Shop Around the Corner)
• Janet Leigh (The Manchurian Candidate; Psycho)
• Jean-Pierre Leaud (Day for Night; The 400 Blows)
• Joe Pesci (Goodfellas; Raging Bull)
• Karl Malden (On the Waterfront; A Streetcar Named Desire)
• Lionel Barrymore (Camille; It's A Wonderful Life)
• Ralph Bellamy (The Awful Truth; His Girl Friday)
• Tony Curtis (Some Like It Hot; Sweet Smell of Success)
• Valerie Hobson (Bride of Frankenstein; Kind Hearts and Coronets)

Note that some individuals also appeared multiple times on the list because they have been writers or actors for the films they directed, or they have appeared in or contributed to the writing of other "Best 100" films which they themselves did not direct.

Authors on Two Separate Lists
TIME Magazine's list of "100 Best Movies" released since 1923 is a companion to TIME Magazine's list of "100 Best Novels" (written in English) published since 1923. A total of 92 authors are represented on the "Best Novels" list. About 500 directors, writers and starring actors are noted in the "100 Best Movies" list. The names of 3 authors appear on both lists (the 100 Best Novels and 100 Best Movies):

• J.R.R. Tolkien: author of The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which was adapted to film)
• Philip K. Dick: author of Ubik on the "100 Best Novels" list; author of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, adapted as Blade Runner on "100 Best Movies" list
• Raymond Chandler: author of Raymond Chandler on "100 Best Novels" list; screenwriter of Double Indemnity (adapted from James M. Cain's novel) on the "100 Best Movies" list

Notes about how the list was created
Excerpts from: Richard Corliss, "That Old Feeling: Secrets of the All-Time 100" (http://www.time.com/time/columnist/corliss/article/0,9565,1068026,00.html; viewed 31 October 2005):

The idea was to assemble 100 estimable films since TIME began, with the March 3, 1923 issue... Essentially, though, a century of movies from 82 years. That shouldn't be hard: pick a picture for each year, with 18 slots left for honorable mentions.

Not so simple, in fact, for we faced a couple of complications. The first was that two of us were to agree on the selections; and, though my admiration for Schickel is hardly bounded, and he probably doesn't mind me, no two critics will agree on all, or even most, great films. The other is the onus of the list-making process. It's a truism that a list like this takes either an hour (go with your initial inspirations) or a month (weigh every film with Solomonic probity). Our effort clocked in at about four months, off and on. And the clock is still running.

...Our claims to expertise: 1. a combined 80 years... writing about films; 2. even more years -- going back to our movie-mad youths -- as consumers, lovers and analyzers of this art-entertainment-business hybrid; and 3. a magazine, TIME, that has generously underwritten our cinephilia for, respectively, 32 and 25 years. Our employment is our diploma...

There are 101 ways to choose 100 of anything. But I participated only in this century selection, so I'll tell you what I did.

First it's like a game: I'm throwing a party -- who should be on the guest list? My idea was to invite different sorts for a richer mix. Highbrows and no-brows, the solemn and the frivolous, embracing many genres (musical, western) and forms (short films, experimental, documentaries). I want the Marx Brothers to co-exist with a Robert Bresson nano-drama. And Indian family melodramas to rub shoulders with 70s ["adult" films]. An eight-decade, international melange.

Then it's research. I re-viewed many of the films under consideration. I looked at the IMDb's list of the top 250 films, as voted on by the site's members. I dipped once more into Roger Ebert's two volumes called The Great Movies, which contain some very thoughtful journalism on the subject. I also took a long browse through the stacks of that moldy old library of film trivia, my brain. The result was about 120 movies, leaving some wiggle room for negotiation. Richard the First (Schickel) had already compiled a list of 116 favorites. Neither of us knew the other's preferences until we'd finished this initial round. After this double-blind taste test, the serious work began on the All-TIME 100 Movies.

Finally, then, it's like a marriage -- the intimate exchange of opinions and passions, the business of collating, collaborating and compromising. Once, twice, three times 100: Schickel's list, my list, our list...

A scanning of both lists shows that Schickel and Corliss agreed on 31 films that got into the holy hundred: Sherlock Jr., Sunrise, City Lights, King Kong, Bride of Frankenstein, His Girl Friday, Pinocchio, The Lady Eve, Citizen Kane, Casablanca, Double Indemnity, Children of Paradise, Detour, White Heat, Kind Hearts and Coronets, A Streetcar Named Desire, Singin' in the Rain, Ikiru, Ugetsu, Smiles of a Summer Night, Sweet Smell of Success, Yojimbo, The Manchurian Candidate, 8-1/2, Persona, The Godfather and The Godfather Part II, Aguirre the Wrath of God, Chinatown, Taxi Driver, E.T. and Talk to Her. Note that, as we approach the present day, agreement gets rarer. We had 10 coincidental selections in the 1940s, exactly as many as we did in the four-and-a-half decades from 1960 to today. That mirrors a consensus on classic films, especially classics from Hollywood, and a fragmenting of taste ever since.

...Why directors? Listen to the conversation Mark Coatney conducted with Schickel and me, and you'll learn that, among the strategies Richard the First used in preparing his original list, one was to start with the directors he thought the best, then choose his favorite of their films. Further, he wanted to reward peak periods in the careers of great directors. Chaplin, Sternberg, Vidor, Lubitsch, Hawks, De Sica, Kazan, Godard, Scorsese, Allen and Almodovar all are cited for two works within a few years, sometimes consecutive films. Sturges gets three mentions in four years. A director-centric selection is one way to go...

I didn't work that way. For me, in compiling this list, the films were the thing, not their makers. In the Church of Auteurism, I'd be sitting in the back pew, sometimes agreeing with the dogma, sometimes whispering heresies... Well, I do like directors. But they aren't the only artists who make films great...

Of the 33 TIME 100 films before 1950, all but six were from Hollywood. Assessing the so-called golden age, we seem to be very Home Team. Ah, but of those 27 American films, nearly half, 13, were directed by men born abroad: three in England (Chaplin, Hitchcock and James Whale), three in Germany (F.W. Murnau, Wyler and Lubitsch), three in Austria (Sternberg, Wilder and Edgar G. Ulmer are all native Viennese), one each in Hungary (Michael Curtiz), France (Jacques Tourneur) and one in Sicily (Capra).

...we both ignored gender politics. Of the 100, 99 were directed by men, and the only auteuse, if that's a word, is the German Leni Riefenstahl, Hitler's favorite director... The non-Caucasian directors, 11, are all Asian: Japanese, Chinese or Indian...