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back to Malawi, African Traditional Religion
| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Traditional Religion | Malawi | 1,057,400 | 19.00% | - | - | 1980 | *LINK* web page: "Geographical Distribution of Followers of ATR in African Nations "; (viewed 13 March 1999); Arranged by Chidi Denis Isizoh from the entries made in: Barret, D.B. World Christian Encylopedia. Nairobi (1982). | Table: "Geographical Distribution of Adherents of African Traditional Religion in the Continent of Africa " |
| African Traditional Religion | Malawi | 1,049,000 | 11.00% | - | - | 2000 | *LINK* web page: "Geographical Distribution of Followers of ATR in African Nations "; (viewed 13 March 1999); Arranged by Chidi Denis Isizoh from the entries made in: Barret, D.B. World Christian Encylopedia. Nairobi (1982). | Table: "Geographical Distribution of Adherents of African Traditional Religion in the Continent of Africa "; Projection, made circa 1982. |
| Baptist Convention of Malawi | Malawi | 87,178 | - | 507 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Baptist World Alliance web site; page: "BWA Statistics " (viewed 31 March 1999). | "Figures are for BWA affiliated conventions/unions only (no independents included). "; Table with 3 columns: Country, "Churches ", & "Members "; "1997/1998 Totals " |
| Baptist World Alliance | Malawi | 163,022 | 1.58% | 1,591 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Baptist World Alliance web site; page: "BWA Statistics " (viewed 31 March 1999). | "Figures are for BWA affiliated conventions/unions only (no independents included). "; Table with 3 columns: Country, "Churches ", & "Members "; "1997/1998 Totals "; [BWA stats. in individual countries are sum of figures for member bodies of BWA in the countries.]; [County population figures for 1998 from United Nations data available here.] |
| Brethren in Christ | Malawi | 208 | - | 20 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Mennonite World Conference web site. Directory 1998. Web page: "Africa: Mennonite & Brethren in Christ Churches " | MALAWI: Brethren in Christ Church (Malawi)... Members: 208; Congregations: 20 |
| Catholic | Malawi | - | 20.00% | - | - | 1990 | Lane, Martha S. B. Malawi (series: "Enchantment of the World "). Chicago: Childrens Press (1990), pg. 82. | "Over 20% of Malawians belong to the Roman Catholic church. " |
| Catholic | Malawi | - | 28.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994) pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Catholic | Malawi | 2,350,000 | 23.00% | 145 units |
- | 1995 | 1998 Catholic Almanac: Our Sunday Visitor: USA (1997), pg. 333-367. | Figures are as of Dec. 31, 1995. Number used for "congregations " is from number of Catholic parishes. |
| Catholic | Malawi | 1,890,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year. Pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Catholic | Malawi | 1,921,816 | 20.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, traditional indigenous beliefs; Total pop.: 9,609,081. |
| Catholic | Malawi | - | 27.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 99. | [Chapter about Chewa people group] "It is estimated that 34% of Malawis population is Protestant, while 27% are Catholic, 19% hold to traditional beliefs, and 16% are Muslim. " |
| Catholic | Malawi | - | 26.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions " |
| Chewa | Malawi | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995), pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures; Culture column: "Chewas "; Location column: "Malawi " |
| Christian Catholic Church | Malawi | - | - | - | - | 1990 | Mead, Frank S. (revised by Samuel S. Hill), Handbook of Denominations in the United States (9th Ed.), Abingdon Press: Nashville, Tenn. (1990), pg. 71-72. | "Branches of the church have been established in Michigan City, Indiana; Phoenix, AZ, Russell and Lindenhurst, Illinois; Tonelea; Malawi; and Toronto, Canada. Missionary work is conducted in Japan, Australia, Israel, the Philippines, Guyana, and South Africa... " |
| Christianity | Malawi | - | 65.00% | - | - | 1990 | Lane, Martha S. B. Malawi (series: "Enchantment of the World "). Chicago: Childrens Press (1990), pg. 82. | "Apart from the traditional religions, Christianity and Islam have become established in Malawi. Most Christians belong to one of the four major churches: Presbyterian, Seventh-Day Adventist, and Anglican. Of the four major denominations, the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) is the largest. Over 20% of Malawians belong to the Roman Catholic church. The Anglican and Seventh-Day Adventist are both smaller, with less than 10% of the population belonging to them. There are a number of very small churches. Some of these are the result of missionary activity, but many are entirely Malawian in their origin... "; Pg. 116: About 65% of the people are nominally Christian... " |
| Christianity | Malawi | 8,100,000 | 75.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Malawi " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Churches of Christ in Malawi (CCM)... Country information: Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 10.8 million... Main religions: Christianity (75%), Islam (20%), indigenous beliefs (5%). " |
| Christianity | Malawi | 4,700,000 | 50.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997), pg. 108. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Christianity | Malawi | - | 61.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 99. | [Chapter about Chewa people group] "It is estimated that 34% of Malawis population is Protestant, while 27% are Catholic, 19% hold to traditional beliefs, and 16% are Muslim. " |
| Christianity | Malawi | 8,000,000 | 80.00% | - | - | 2000 | *LINK* Jarvik, Elaine. "Challenges daunting in Malawi " in Deseret News (21 Oct 2000) | "his country... 10 million people... In all these [humanitarian] projects, he says, the government is working side by side with the country's churches. 'There is no separation of church and state in Malawi,' he says. Eighty percent of Malawi is Christian; 13 percent is Muslim. " |
| Church of Central Africa Presbyterian | Malawi | - | 33.00% | - | - | 1990 | Lane, Martha S. B. Malawi (series: "Enchantment of the World "). Chicago: Childrens Press (1990), pg. 82. | "Apart from the traditional religions, Christianity and Islam have become established in Malawi. Most Christians belong to one of the four major churches: Presbyterian, Seventh-Day Adventist, and Anglican. Of the four major denominations, the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) is the largest. Over 20% of Malawians belong to the Roman Catholic church. " [Pg. 116: 65% Christian. Estimation: 65% - 20% RC - 10% Anglican & SDA - 2% (misc. Christian) = approx. 33% CCAP] |
| Church of God in Christ, Mennonite | Malawi | 21 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Mennonite World Conference web site. Directory 1998. Web page: "Africa: Mennonite & Brethren in Christ Churches " | MALAWI... Church of God in Christ, Mennonite... Members: 21 |
| Church of the Nazarene | Malawi | 14,072 | 0.14% | 117 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* official organization web site: Nazarene World Mission Society | Church Statistics: Churches; 2 Jan. 1998; total population: 9,950,000 |
| Churches of Christ | Malawi | 80,000 | 0.92% | 2,300 units |
- | 1995 | *LINK* official organization web site | table: "STATUS OF CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA--1995 " (Campbellite) |
| Churches of Christ in Malawi | Malawi | 20,000 | 0.19% | 45 units |
- | 1999 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Malawi " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Churches of Christ in Malawi (CCM)... Country information: Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 10.8 million... Members/Congregations: 20,000/45. " |
| Council for World Mission | Malawi | 20,000 | 0.19% | 45 units |
- | 1999 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Malawi " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Churches of Christ in Malawi (CCM)... Country information: Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 10.8 million... Members/Congregations: 20,000/45. " [CCM is the only Council for World Missions church in Malawi] |
| Evangelical Baptist Church of Malawi | Malawi | 19,000 | - | 300 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Baptist World Alliance web site; page: "BWA Statistics " (viewed 31 March 1999). | "Figures are for BWA affiliated conventions/unions only (no independents included). "; Table with 3 columns: Country, "Churches ", & "Members "; "1997/1998 Totals " |
| Islam | Malawi | 800,000 | 15.00% | - | - | 1978 | Welch, Alford T. "Islam " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 164-165. [Original src: Weeks, R. (ed.), "Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey " (1978).] | Table: "Approximate Muslim populations and percentages of total populations " |
| Islam | Malawi | 1,700,000 | 35.00% | - | - | 1986 | *LINK* Web site: "Arabic Paper "; web page: "Muslim Countries of the World " (viewed 15 June 1999). [Written 1998.] | [NOTE: Unreliable statistical methodology.] "In 1986... Muslim Education Trust organization [U.K.] obtained... 1971 census & [info. from] Embassies of the respective countires... 1971 census showed the Muslim Minorities countries had around 308 Million Muslim.. "; "...add (784.5M [independent Muslim countries]+ 308M) = 1092.5 Million Muslims in 1971 "; Table shows country, "population " [number of Muslims in the country], & % Muslim. Total adds up to 317,391,000, so these figures are apparently intended to be estimates for 1986. |
| Islam | Malawi | - | 16.00% | - | - | 1990 | Lane, Martha S. B. Malawi (series: "Enchantment of the World "). Chicago: Childrens Press (1990), pg. 83. | "Islam was originally brought to Malawi by Arab traders and at first most Muslims in Malawi were from the Yao tribe. Recently the Muslims community has been experiencing a religious revival encouraged by funds from oil-rich Arab states. Many new mosques... have been built all over the country and many new schools have been built. "; Pg. 116: "...16% are Muslims. " |
| Islam | Malawi | - | 16.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994) pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Islam | Malawi | 2,160,000 | 20.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Malawi " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Churches of Christ in Malawi (CCM)... Country information: Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 10.8 million... Main religions: Christianity (75%), Islam (20%), indigenous beliefs (5%). " |
| Islam | Malawi | 1,890,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year. Pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Islam | Malawi | 1,921,816 | 20.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, traditional indigenous beliefs; Total pop.: 9,609,081. |
| Islam | Malawi | 940,000 | 10.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997), pg. 108. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Islam | Malawi | - | 16.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 99. | [Chapter about Chewa people group] "It is estimated that 34% of Malawis population is Protestant, while 27% are Catholic, 19% hold to traditional beliefs, and 16% are Muslim. " |
| Islam | Malawi | - | 14.50% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions " |
| Islam | Malawi | 1,622,000 | 17.00% | - | - | 2000 | K. F. Bin Mohd Noor. "Muslims Statistics... for Year 2000 " [orig. src: Barrett. World Christian Encyclopedia, 1982] | Table |
| Islam | Malawi | 1,300,000 | 13.00% | - | - | 2000 | *LINK* Jarvik, Elaine. "Challenges daunting in Malawi " in Deseret News (21 Oct 2000) | "his country... 10 million people... In all these [humanitarian] projects, he says, the government is working side by side with the country's churches. 'There is no separation of church and state in Malawi,' he says. Eighty percent of Malawi is Christian; 13 percent is Muslim. " |
| Jehovah's Witnesses | Malawi | 40,924 | 0.37% | 584 units |
- | 1997 | *LINK* official organization web site | Adherent/member count is for "1997 Peak Witnesses "; Memorial attendance (annual sacrament meeting) for same year: 125,415. |
| Jehovah's Witnesses | Malawi | 42,770 | 0.38% | 609 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Jehovah's Witnesses official web site; section: "Statistics "; web page: "Worldwide Report " (viewed 16 April 1999). | Table: "1998 Report of Jehovah's Witnesses Worldwide "; This adherent/member count is for "1998 Peak Witnesses " |
| Jehovah's Witnesses - Memorial attendance | Malawi | 125,415 | 1.14% | 584 units |
- | 1997 | *LINK* official organization web site | From 1997 Statistics "Memorial attendance " column. Count of all who attend this once-a-year meeting, whether or not a "publisher " in full standing. Most would be considered adherents. |
| Jehovah's Witnesses - Memorial attendance | Malawi | 120,412 | 1.06% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Jehovah's Witnesses official web site; section: "Statistics "; web page: "Worldwide Report " (viewed 16 April 1999). | Table: "1998 Report of Jehovah's Witnesses Worldwide "; "Memorial attendance " column indicates attendance at yearly communion meeting. |
| Mennonite World Conference | Malawi | 229 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Mennonite World Conference web site; page: "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership Totals " (viewed 8 Aug. 1999). | Table: "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership Totals "; "based on the most recent data available... from 1996 or 1997... statistics indicate baptized members "; Dif. religious bodies: 2. |
| primal-indigenous | Malawi | - | 19.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994) pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% "; Listed in table as "Traditional beliefs " |
| primal-indigenous | Malawi | 540,000 | 5.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Malawi " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Country information: Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 10.8 million... Main religions: Christianity (75%), Islam (20%), indigenous beliefs (5%). " |
| primal-indigenous | Malawi | 950,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year. Pg. 781-783. | Table; listed as "traditional beliefs " |
| primal-indigenous | Malawi | 3,290,000 | 35.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997), pg. 108. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| primal-indigenous | Malawi | - | 19.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 99. | [Chapter about Chewa people group] "It is estimated that 34% of Malawis population is Protestant, while 27% are Catholic, 19% hold to traditional beliefs, and 16% are Muslim. " |
| primal-indigenous | Malawi | - | 4.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions "; listed in table as "animism " |
| Protestant | Malawi | - | 37.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994) pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% "; Protestant "includes all non-Roman Catholic denominations " |
| Protestant | Malawi | 4,730,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year. Pg. 781-783. | Table; Protestant is mostly Presbyterian |
| Protestant | Malawi | 5,284,994 | 55.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, traditional indigenous beliefs; Total pop.: 9,609,081. |
| Protestant | Malawi | - | 34.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 99. | [Chapter about Chewa people group] "It is estimated that 34% of Malawis population is Protestant, while 27% are Catholic, 19% hold to traditional beliefs, and 16% are Muslim. " |
| Protestant | Malawi | - | 35.50% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions " |
| Sikhism | Malawi | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993). Pg 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| SIM International | Malawi | - | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* "Southern Africa " in SIM NOW, Feb. 1999 (vol. #85); (viewed online 6 July 1999); SIM International web site. | "Africa Evangelical Fellowship [which merged with SIM International in 1998] missionaries have been serving in Malawi since 1900. Today, most of our missionaries work directly with the Africa Evangelical Church in evangelism and leadership training ministries... " |
| Unity Church | Malawi | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1998 | *LINK* official organization web site (viewed 1998) | Counted the churches in their directory. |
| Yao (African) | Malawi | - | - | - | - | 1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995), pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Baitiangong | Malaysia | 3,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: 2/8/94 issue of GLOBAL PRAYER DIGEST); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Baitiangong is a predominantly Malaysian Chinese religious sect claiming 3,000 followers. |
| Baptist World Alliance | Malaysia | 7,000 | 0.03% | 80 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Baptist World Alliance web site; page: "BWA Statistics " (viewed 31 March 1999). | "Figures are for BWA affiliated conventions/unions only (no independents included). "; Table with 3 columns: Country, "Churches ", & "Members "; "1997/1998 Totals "; [BWA stats. in individual countries are sum of figures for member bodies of BWA in the countries.]; [County population figures for 1998 from United Nations data available here.] |
| Buddhism | Malaysia | - | 17.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994) pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Buddhism | Malaysia | - | 7.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: February, 1994 issue of GLOBAL PRAYER DIGEST); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Buddhists 7%. Migrants from China, Japan, Sri Lanka and Thailand. |
| Buddhism | Malaysia | 2,955,000 | 15.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Gereja Presbyterian Malaysia (GPM) " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 19.7 million... Main religions: Islam (50%), Buddhism (15%), Taoism (Chinese folk-religions) (15%), Hinduism (7%), Christianity (7%)... " |
| Buddhism | Malaysia | 3,520,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year. Pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Buddhism | Malaysia | - | - | 3,500 units |
- | 1997 | *LINK* web site: "Malaysia Homepage " (Mimos Berhad); section: "Malaysia Religion "; web page: "Buddhism " (viewed 15 April 1999). "(C) 1997 MIMOS Berhad " [Orig. source: The Information Malaysia Yearbook (1996)] | "Undoubtedly amongst the religions followed in Malaysia in terms of numbers and importance comes Buddhism. Buddhism is largely identified with the Chinese. It is also the religion of the Thais and the much smaller number of Sinhalese and Burmese in the country... The majority of the Chinese belong to the Mahayana School of Buddhism but of late, a substantial number has embraced Theravada Buddhism while many allow both schools. The Thai, Sinhalese and Burmese Buddhist, on the other hand, belong to the Theravada School... No systematic study has ever been made of Chinese Buddhism in Malaysia. Nevertheless the existence of over 3,500 Buddhist temples societies and organisations, the great majority of which are Chinese, does show that the number of Buddhist amongst the Malaysian Chinese is considerable. " |
| Catholic | Malaysia | 100,000 | - | - | - | 1977 | Bokenkotter, Thomas. A Concise History of the Catholic Church. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co. (1977), pg. 342. | "There are also communities of at least 100,000 Catholics in Pakistan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Ceylon, Malaysia, Burma, and Thailand. " |
| Catholic | Malaysia | - | 3.00% | - | - | 1979 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: OPERATION WORLD, 1979); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Total population: 12,400,000. Roman Catholics 3% |
| Catholic | Malaysia | 637,000 | 3.00% | 148 units |
- | 1995 | 1998 Catholic Almanac: Our Sunday Visitor: USA (1997), pg. 333-367. | Figures are as of Dec. 31, 1995. Number used for "congregations " is from number of Catholic parishes. |
| Cham | Malaysia | 3,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 154-155. | "Today, there are approximately 7,000 Cham living beyond the borders of Cambodia and Vietnam. These include 3,000 Cham in Malaysia... " |
| Chinese | Malaysia | - | 33.30% | - | - | 1996 | Knoke, William. Bold New World: The Essential Road Map to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Kodansha International (1996), pg. 200. Chapter 10: "The Global Tribes " | "In Malaysia one-third of the population is ethnic Chinese, and they retain tight control of the economy. For decades, the government attempted to force transfer to the majority Malays before finally giving up. " |
| Chinese traditional religion | Malaysia | - | 20.00% | - | - | 1979 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: OPERATION WORLD, 1979); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Total population: 12,400,000. Chinese religions 20%, Hindus 9%, Free thinkers 17%, Animists 8%, |
| Chinese traditional religion | Malaysia | - | 18.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: February, 1994 issue of GLOBAL PRAYER DIGEST); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | "Chinese religion 18%. " |
| Chinese traditional religion | Malaysia | 2,955,000 | 15.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "Gereja Presbyterian Malaysia (GPM) " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 19.7 million... Main religions: Islam (50%), Buddhism (15%), Taoism (Chinese folk-religions) (15%), Hinduism (7%), Christianity (7%)... " |
| Chinese traditional religion | Malaysia | 2,360,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year. Pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Christianity | Malaysia | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 181. | "Malaysia... has had relatively little Christian work, and its Christian community is small indeed. Persectuion by the Muslim majority contributes to the high dropout rate among new Malaysian Christians. " |
