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back to Indonesia: Lombok, Wetu Telu
| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wetu Telu | Indonesia: Lombok | - | - | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "The island of Lombok is the home of the Sasak people, most of whom are now orthodox Muslims and as such adherents of the waktu lima sect. However, even today some of the Sasak are still counted as adherents of the wetu telu... the wetu telu practise a religious syncretism in which there are traces not only of Islam, but of Hinduism and pantheistic beliefs as well. " |
| Wetu Telu | Indonesia: Lombok | - | 30.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 672. | "Due to persecution during the upheavals of 1965-66, exact figure for the Wetu Telu population are elusive; they may number as much as 30% of Lombok's inhabitants and are concentrated in the mountainous northern part of the island. " |
| miscellaneous regional info | Indonesia: Lombok | - | - | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "The island of Lombok is the home of the Sasak people, most of whom are now orthodox Muslims and as such adherents of the waktu lima sect. However, even today some of the Sasak are still counted as adherents of the wetu telu. There are also some smaller groups of entirely non-Islamized pagan Sasak, known as Boda, as well as a Hindu Balinese minority. Whereas the orthodox waktu lima Sasak follow the Islamic fundamentals as taught to them by their religious teachers, the Tuan Guru, the wetu telu practise a religious syncretism in which there are traces not only of Islam, but of Hinduism and pantheistic beliefs as well. " |
| Islam | Indonesia: Lombok - Sasak | - | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 672. | "Most Sasak adhere to Islam, introduced from Java... There is a cleavage between syncretists who combine Islamic and pre-Islamic beliefs and practices, and purists wh conform more strictly to Islamic orthodoxy. The former are referred to as Wetu Telu ('Three Time') Muslims, and the latter as Wetu Lima ('Five Time') Muslims. " |
| Waktu Lima | Indonesia: Lombok - Sasak | - | - | - | - | 1972 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "1972...conflict between religious sects in Lombok... religious persecution that had taken place a few years earlier and which had intensified the latent conflict. As a result of these events, the centuries-old indigenous wetu telu religion had almost been eradicated and almost all Sasak were now said to be believers of waktu lima, an orthodox Islamic sect. " |
| Wetu Telu | Indonesia: Lombok - Sasak | - | 20.00% | - | - | 1965 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "...conflict between religious sects in Lombok... religious persecution that had taken place a few years earlier and which had intensified the latent conflict. As a result of these events, the centuries-old indigenous wetu telu religion had almost been eradicated and almost all Sasak were now said to be believers of waktu lima, an orthodox Islamic sect. According to A. M. Hartong (1974), in around 1965 some 20% of the Sasak could still be classified as wetu telu, while 2 years later the figure had shrunk to less than 1%... Two years later, in 1967, there were no wetu telu left, at least not officially. " |
| Wetu Telu | Indonesia: Lombok - Sasak | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1967 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "...conflict between religious sects in Lombok... religious persecution that had taken place a few years earlier and which had intensified the latent conflict. As a result of these events, the centuries-old indigenous wetu telu religion had almost been eradicated and almost all Sasak were now said to be believers of waktu lima, an orthodox Islamic sect. According to A. M. Hartong (1974), in around 1965 some 20% of the Sasak could still be classified as wetu telu, while 2 years later the figure had shrunk to less than 1%... Two years later, in 1967, there were no wetu telu left, at least not officially. " |
| Buddhism | Indonesia: Lombok: Bentek | - | 75.00% | - | - | 1968 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "In the village of Bentek... May 1968... Over the next three months Amaq A, the... village head registered the choice of religion of every grown-up male of the village. The women were not asked to register their choice. Around three quarters of the men, some 500 in all, declared that they wanted to register as Buddhists (orang Budha), while the remaining 25% chose Islam... the choice of Buddhism was not primarily motivated by religious conviction but was rather a vote in favour of a certain lifestyle, the traditional adat of old. The lifestyle of the Bentek wetu telu was much closer to that of the neighbouring Boda than to the immigrant waktu lima orthodox Muslims. Thus, the reason to choose Buddhism was not the religion itself but rather that it was identified with the lifestyle of the surrounding Boda, a lifestyle to which the wetu telu felt akin... " |
| Islam | Indonesia: Lombok: Bentek | - | 25.00% | - | - | 1968 | *LINK* Cederroth, Sven. "From Ancestor Worship to Monotheism: Politics of Religion in Lombok " in Temenos 32 (1996), 7-36. (Viewed online, Temenos web site, 30 Jan. 1999). | "In the village of Bentek... May 1968... Over the next three months Amaq A, the... village head registered the choice of religion of every grown-up male of the village. The women were not asked to register their choice. Around three quarters of the men, some 500 in all, declared that they wanted to register as Buddhists (orang Budha), while the remaining 25% chose Islam... the choice of Buddhism was not primarily motivated by religious conviction but was rather a vote in favour of a certain lifestyle, the traditional adat of old. The lifestyle of the Bentek wetu telu was much closer to that of the neighbouring Boda than to the immigrant waktu lima orthodox Muslims. Thus, the reason to choose Buddhism was not the religion itself but rather that it was identified with the lifestyle of the surrounding Boda, a lifestyle to which the wetu telu felt akin... " |
| Christianity | Indonesia: Minahasa | - | 90.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 516-517. | "Minahasans: Alternate Names: Tontemboan, Toulour, Tondano, Tombalu, Tonsea, Tonsawang, Bentenan, Ponosikan, Belang, and Bantik; Location: Indonesia; Population: 1.25 million; Language: Austronesn dialects; Manasa Indonesia; Religion: Christianity; native spirit-based beliefs "; "The Minahasa region occupies the very tip of the North Sulawesi peninsula... The region's population runs to 1.25 million people, half of the provincal total. "; Pg. 517: "Some 90% of the population of Minahasa is Christan (the majority subscribe to several Protestant sects led by the [Dutch] Reformed Church; a small minority is Catholic). " |
| Christianity | Indonesia: Minahasa | - | 90.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 516-517. | "Minahasans: Alternate Names: Tontemboan, Toulour, Tondano, Tombalu, Tonsea, Tonsawang, Bentenan, Ponosikan, Belang, and Bantik; Location: Indonesia; Population: 1.25 million; Language: Austronesn dialects; Manasa Indonesia; Religion: Christianity; native spirit-based beliefs "; "The Minahasa region occupies the very tip of the North Sulawesi peninsula... The region's population runs to 1.25 million people, half of the provincal total. "; Pg. 517: "Some 90% of the population of Minahasa is Christan (the majority subscribe to several Protestant sects led by the [Dutch] Reformed Church; a small minority is Catholic). " |
| Dutch Reformed | Indonesia: Minahasa | - | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 516-517. | "The Minahasa region occupies the very tip of the North Sulawesi peninsula... The region's population runs to 1.25 million people, half of the provincial total. "; Pg. 517: "Some 90% of the population of Minahasa is Christian (the majority subscribe to several Protestant sects led by the [Dutch] Reformed Church; a small minority is Catholic). " |
| Catholic | Indonesia: Nias | 35,714 | 7.14% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 584-585. | "Niasans: Location: Indonesia (island of Nias); Population: 500,000 "; Pg. 585: "Six out of seven Niasans are Protestant; the remainder are about evenly divided between Muslim (mostly immigrants from elsewhere in Indonesia) and Catholic. " |
| Islam | Indonesia: Nias | 35,714 | 7.14% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 584-585. | "Niasans: Location: Indonesia (island of Nias); Population: 500,000 "; Pg. 585: "Six out of seven Niasans are Protestant; the remainder are about evenly divided between Muslim (mostly immigrants from elsewhere in Indonesia) and Catholic. " |
| Pelebegu | Indonesia: Nias | 3,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 584-585. | "Niasans: Location: Indonesia (island of Nias); Population: 500,000 "; Pg. 585: "A few thousand Niasans register themselves as adherents of Pelebegu (used first by non-Niasans, evidently from the Karo Batak perbegu) or Molohe adu (the Niasan expression), both meaning 'worshipping the ancestral spirits.' Before iconoclastic capaigns early in the century, the people took reverent care of the wooden statues of the adu ancestral spirits, filling shrines and the public rooms of their houses with them and making daily offerings to them... " |
| Protestant | Indonesia: Nias | 428,571 | 85.71% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 584-585. | "Niasans: Location: Indonesia (island of Nias); Population: 500,000 "; Pg. 585: "Six out of seven Niasans are Protestant; the remainder are about evenly divided between Muslim (mostly immigrants from elsewhere in Indonesia) and Catholic. " |
| animism | Indonesia: Sarawak | - | - | - | - | 1970 | Cavendish, Richard (ed.). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural (vol. 3). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1970), pg. 312. | "Nowhere in the world is animism so developed, elaborated and intellectualized as among the Iban people of Sarawak and the related tribes of Borneo... " |
| South Moluccans | Indonesia: South Moluccas | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site; web page: "Republic of South Moloccus " (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). | "The south Moluccas homeland consists of some 150 islands located in the Banda Sea. Its main islands are Ceram, Ambon and Buru. The South Moluccans are Melanesians and there are about 1 million people who live in the Republic of South Moluccas... Organisations: The South Moluccas is represented in UNPO by the Republic of South Moluccas, the Republik Maluku Seletan (RMS). " |
| miscellaneous regional info | Indonesia: South Moluccas | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "One million people live in the South Moluccas, which belongs to Indonesia. The South Moluccas consists of about 150 islands in the Banda Sea, west from New Guinea. The South Moluccans are Melanese, but the main religion is Christianity. South Moluccas was a Dutch colony until the Netherlands handed over to powers to Indonesia. Muslim Indonesians have immigrated to the South Moluccas and the indigenous people fear that they may become a minority on the islands. The struggle for independence has been met with Indonesian repression. " |
| Bajau | Indonesia: Sulu | 12,000 | - | - | - | 1975 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 76-77. | "Bajau: Alternate Names: Badjao, 'Sea Gypsies'; Location: Indonesia (Sulu Archipelago); Population: 12,000 (1970s estimate for Sulu); 10-15,000 (estimate for Indonesia); Language: Samal; Religion: Islam; indigenous beliefs "; "Most Bajau consider themselves Muslim, although they rarely perform the daily prayers, nor do their communities usually have mosques. Indeed, neighboring Muslim peoples look down on them as pagans... Mediums, both male and female, commune with spirits through dreams... Another important rite is thanking Omboh Dilaut, the Lord of the Sea, after a bountiful catch... " |
| Acheh | Indonesia: Sumatra | 25,000,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "Acheh is situated in the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. In the whole of Sumatra there are 25 million Achehs. Acheh was spared western colonialisation but was instead a victim of Asian imperialism and now belongs to Indonesia. Those who presently work for independence lives in exile and the leaders are actually living in Stockholm. " |
| Acheh | Indonesia: Sumatra | 25,000,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site; web page: "Acheh/Sumatra " (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). | "ACHEH/SUMATRA... Geographical Features: Located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Bordered on the North by the Malacca Strait, on the South by the Indian Ocean. Area: 236,803 km2. Capital: Bandar Ahcheh (Kuta Radja). Population: In the whole of Sumatra there are 25 million Achenese, 5 million of them live in Acheh. Achenese (Malay/Polynesian) are homogeneous. Languages: Achenese (Malay/Polynesian group). Organisations: Free Acheh Movement (ASNLF), not surrendered to the regime. Acheh /Sumatra Nation Liberation Front. " |
| Batak | Indonesia: Sumatra | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 711. | "Although the term 'soul' is often used to translate such concepts as k'la of the Sgaw Karen of Burma,... the tondi of the Batak of Sumatra... " |
| Acheh | Indonesia: Sumatra: Acheh | 5,000,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site; web page: "Acheh/Sumatra " (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). | "In the whole of Sumatra there are 25 million Achenese, 5 million of them live in Acheh. " |
| indigenous | Indonesia: West Papua | 900,000 | 50.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "West Papua is the western part of the Island of New Guinea, north of Australia. It has 1.8 million inhabitants. Half of the population is indigenous and of Melanese origin. The rest is immigrated Indonesians. The Melanese are predominantly Christians. The Indonesians are Muslims. West Papua, previously a Dutch colony, came under Indonesian control in 1963. Indonesia has handed over large portions of West Papua to foreign mining, oil and forest companies. " |
| Catholic | Indonesia: West Sumba | - | 20.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 711. | "In recent decades, Protestantism has come to claim 51% of the population in East Sumba and 34% in West Sumba, while the Catholic population now includes 20% of the total in West Sumba. " |
| primal-indigenous | Indonesia: West Sumba | - | 39.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 711. | "Adherents of the traditional belief system, however, still number a relatively high 39% in East Sumba and a similar percentage in West Sumba. " |
| Protestant | Indonesia: West Sumba | - | 34.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 711. | "In recent decades, Protestantism has come to claim 51% of the population in East Sumba and 34% in West Sumba... " |
| Advent Christian Church | Iowa | 113 | 0.00% | 2 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 91. |
| affiliated | Iowa | - | 13.80% | - | - | 1850 | Finke, Roger & Rodney Stark. The Churching of America, 1776-1990. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press (1992; 3rd printing 1997), pg. 66. | "The frontier states along the Mississippi had noticeably lower rates of religious adherence [in 1850]. Iowa was lowest, with only 138 adherents per 1,000. " |
| affiliated | Iowa | - | 13.80% | - | - | 1850 | Finke, Roger & Rodney Stark. The Churching of America, 1776-1990. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press (1992; 3rd printing 1997), pg. 68. | Figure 3.3: "Religious Adherents per 1,000 Population, 1850 " |
| African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church | Iowa | 269 | 0.01% | 1 unit |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 254. |
| Agnostic | Iowa | - | 1.10% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Amana Church Society | Iowa | - | - | 7 units |
- | 1859 | Cavendish, Richard (ed.). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural (vol. 4). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1970), pg. 500. Chapter: "Communistic Religious Movements "; author: Bryan Wilson. | "Trouble with the Seneca Indians and fear of encroachments on their withdrawn way of life from the growing city of Buffalo, induced them in the late 1850s to sell their land and move to Iowa, where they settled in seven villages. They took the name Amana from the Song of Solomon (chapter 4, verse 8). " |
| American Association of Lutheran Churches | Iowa | 1,810 | 0.07% | 9 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 1,343. [Listed as 'Lutheran Churches American Association Of.'] |
| American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A. | Iowa | 32,175 | 1.16% | 124 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 25,619. |
| Apostolic Christian Churches of America | Iowa | 1,443 | 0.05% | 8 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 813. [Listed as 'Apostolic Christian Church of America.'] |
| Assemblies of God | Iowa | 21,650 | 0.78% | 131 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 11,001. [Listed as 'Assemblies of God.'] |
| Assemblies of God | Iowa | - | 0.60% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Baptist | Iowa | - | - | - | - | 1839 | Armstrong, O.K. & Marjorie Armstrong. The Baptists in America. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co. (1979) [revised 2nd edition; originally published in 1967 under the title The Indomitable Baptists], pg. 175. | "Encouraged by John Mason Peck, Baptist missionaries from Illinois pushed across the Mississippi into Iowa and organized Long Creek Church at Danville. By 1839 there were enough Baptist congregations in the state for an association, and in 1842 the state convention first met. " |
| Baptist | Iowa | - | 1.20% | - | - | 1850 | Finke, Roger & Rodney Stark. The Churching of America, 1776-1990. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press (1992; 3rd printing 1997), pg. 252-288. | Table A.2: "Denominational Adherents per 1,000 Population, 1850 "; "The adherence rates were estimated from Bureau of the Census (1854) reports on the number of churches, the seating capacity of churches & the value of church property. " |
| Baptist | Iowa | - | 6.10% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Baptist - black denominations | Iowa | 14,188 | 0.51% | - | - | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 11,294. [Listed as 'Black Baptists Estimate.'] |
| Baptist General Conference | Iowa | 6,005 | 0.22% | 34 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 4,768. |
| Beachy Amish Mennonite Churches | Iowa | 179 | - | 2 units |
- | 1971 | Nolt, Steven M. A History of the Amish, Good Books: Intercourse, PA (1992), pg. 281. Original source: "Mennonite Yearbook 1972 " and "Mennonite Yearbook 1992 " | Table: "The Beachy Amish, Congregations and Membership, 1971 and 1991 " |
| Beachy Amish Mennonite Churches | Iowa | 243 | 0.01% | 2 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 202. [Listed as 'Beachy Amish Mennonite Churches.'] |
| Beachy Amish Mennonite Churches | Iowa | 199 | - | 2 units |
- | 1991 | Nolt, Steven M. A History of the Amish, Good Books: Intercourse, PA (1992), pg. 281. Original source: "Mennonite Yearbook 1972 " and "Mennonite Yearbook 1992 " | Table: "The Beachy Amish, Congregations and Membership, 1971 and 1991 " |
| Brethren Church (Ashland) | Iowa | 223 | 0.01% | 1 unit |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 178. [Listed as 'Brethren Church (Ashland, Ohio).'] |
| Brethren in Christ | Iowa | 68 | 0.00% | 2 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 57. [Listed as 'Brethren in Christ Church.'] |
| Brethren in Christ | Iowa | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1998 | *LINK* official organization web site | Counted congregations from their index |
| Buddhism | Iowa | - | 0.00% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Calvary Army | Iowa | - | - | - | - | 1913 | McKinley, Edward H. Marching to Glory: The History of the Salvation Army in the United States of America, 1880-1980. San Francisco: Harper & Row (1980), pg. 115. | "In December 1913, Brigadier A.E. Kimball... wrote in despair to the national chief secretary, pleading for 'some way out of the present difficulty we have in connection with so many Armies.'... Davenport Iowa had a Calvary Army... " |
| Calvary Chapel | Iowa | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 2000 | *LINK* official Calvary Chapel website (Jan. 2000) | directory |
| Catholic | Iowa | 750,000 | 26.00% | - | - | 1989 | Greeley, Andrew M. The Catholic Myth: The Behavior and Beliefs of American Catholics. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1990), pg. 112-114. [Original sources: Official Catholic Directory, based on parish-level reporting, & U.S. 1989 Statistical Abstract] | Table: "Catholic Population by State "; [Greeley (author) has conduced a somewhat detailed analysis, adding some adjustments to account for statistically observed undercount, plus some other factors.] |
| Catholic | Iowa | 520,322 | 18.79% | 564 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center (Mars Hill, NC). Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. Courtesy of American Religion Data Archive. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. [Listed as 'Catholic Church.'] |
| Catholic | Iowa | - | 21.50% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Catholic | Iowa | 509,141 | 18.30% | 511 units |
- | 1996 | 1998 Catholic Almanac: Our Sunday Visitor: USA (1997), pg. 432-437. | Tables: "Catholic Population of the United States " and "Percentage of Catholics in Total Population in U.S. ". Figures are as of Jan. 1, 1997. |
| Christian and Missionary Alliance | Iowa | 3,871 | 0.14% | 28 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 1,565. |
| Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) | Iowa | 50,771 | 1.83% | 167 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 30,657. [Listed as 'Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).'] |
| Christian Churches and Churches of Christ | Iowa | 24,137 | 0.87% | 123 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 19,220. [Listed as 'Christian Churches and Churches of Christ.'] |
| Christian Reformed Church | Iowa | 21,129 | 0.76% | 62 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 13,543. [Listed as 'Christian Reformed Church.'] |
| Christian Science | Iowa | - | - | 24 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. [Listed as 'Church of Christ Scientist.'] |
| Christianity | Iowa | - | 89.30% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990... Self-identification of religious loyalty, using representative sample of 113,000 people in phone interviews. Sum of % by state of 21 main groups Kosmin classified as Christian: Assemblies of God, Baptist, Christianity - no denomination supplied, Church of God - all denominations, Church of the Nazarene, Churches of Christ, Congregationalist, Episcopalian, Evangelical/Born Again, Jehovah's Witnesses, Latter Day Saints, Holiness/Holy, Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, Orthodox, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, Protestant - no denomination supplied, Catholic, Seventh-day Adventists |
| Christianity - affiliated | Iowa | 1,674,000 | 60.30% | - | - | 1990 | Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1997, 117th Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce (Oct. 1997), pg. 70. [Orig. source: M. Bradley, et al. Churches & Church Membership in the U.S., 1990. Atlanta, GA: Glenmary Research Center (1992)] | Table: "No. 87: Christian Church Adherents, 1990 "; "Christian church adherents were defined as 'all members, including full members, their children and the est. number of other regular participants who are not considered as communicant, confirmed or full members.' " |
| Christianity - affiliated | Iowa | 1,890,000 | 60.80% | - | - | 1993 | Krantz, Les & Jim McCormick. The Peoplepedia: The Ultimate Reference on the American People, Henry Holt and Company: New York (1996), pg. 188. | Table: "Top 10 Christian States "; "The table below shows where most religiously affiliated Christians... live, according to the Glenmary Research Center... "; Iowa: ranked #9 (percentage affiliated). |
| Christianity - independent churches - charismatic | Iowa | 5,520 | 0.20% | 4 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. [Listed as 'Independent Charismatic Churches.'] |
| Christianity - independent churches - non-charismatic | Iowa | 7,525 | 0.27% | 14 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. [Listed as 'Independent Non-Charismatic Churches.'] |
| Christianity - no denomination supplied | Iowa | - | 6.50% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) | Iowa | 670 | 0.02% | 11 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 397. |
| Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) | Iowa | 1,335 | 0.05% | 16 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 1,059. |
| Church of God (Seventh Day) Denver, Col. | Iowa | 73 | 0.00% | 1 unit |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 59. |
| Church of God - all denominations | Iowa | - | 0.10% | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993), pg. 88-93. | Table 3-1: Religious Composition of State Populations, 1990 (%). Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York. |
| Church of God General Conference, Abrahamic Faith | Iowa | 102 | 0.00% | 4 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 80. |
| Church of God of Prophecy | Iowa | 328 | 0.01% | 12 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members': 264. |
| Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | Iowa | 10,383 | 0.38% | 37 units |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center. Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. |
