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| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jainism | India: Orissa | 6,302 | 0.02% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| other | India: Orissa | 397,798 | 1.26% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census]; [ "other " is religions NOT Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh] |
| Sikhism | India: Orissa | 17,296 | 0.05% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Baghdadi Jews | India: Poona | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1982 | Ross, Dan. Acts of Faith: A Journey to the Fringes of Jewish Identity. New York: St. Martin's Press (1982), pg. 205-206. | "In Poona, too, two synagogues remain open: one Bene Israel and the other Baghdadi. " |
| Bene Israel | India: Poona | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1982 | Ross, Dan. Acts of Faith: A Journey to the Fringes of Jewish Identity. New York: St. Martin's Press (1982), pg. 205-206. | "In Poona, too, two synagogues remain open: one Bene Israel and the other Baghdadi. " |
| Judaism | India: Poona | - | - | 2 units |
- | 1982 | Ross, Dan. Acts of Faith: A Journey to the Fringes of Jewish Identity. New York: St. Martin's Press (1982), pg. 205-206. | "In Poona, too, two synagogues remain open: one Bene Israel and the other Baghdadi. " |
| Christianity | India: Punjab | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 643. | "Sikhs account for 61% of the people in India's Punjab State, while 37% are Hindu, and 1% each are Muslim and Christian. " |
| Hinduism | India: Punjab | - | 37.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 643. | "Sikhs account for 61% of the people in India's Punjab State, while 37% are Hindu, and 1% each are Muslim and Christian. " |
| Islam | India: Punjab | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 643. | "Sikhs account for 61% of the people in India's Punjab State, while 37% are Hindu, and 1% each are Muslim and Christian. " |
| Jainism | India: Punjab | - | 0.50% | - | - | 1984 | Folkert, Kendall W. "Jainism " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 261. | Figure 7.1: Distributions of the Jain population (in India) by number and as percentage of state population. [Punjab: pop. figure: "10,000 to 100,000 " percentage: "1/4 - 1/2% "] |
| Sikhism | India: Punjab | 11,000,000 | 54.24% | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993). Pg 30-31. | 9 to 11 million Sikhs (Map of "Largest Sikh Populations in India in 1993 "); [According to Indian census data cited on PunjabOnline web site, the 1991 population of the state of Punjab was 20.28 million.] |
| Sikhism | India: Punjab | - | - | 1,000 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993). Pg 30-31. | "Over 2000 [gurdwaras] including 1000 in Punjab. " Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | India: Punjab | - | 61.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 643. | "Sikhs account for 61% of the people in India's Punjab State, while 37% are Hindu, and 1% each are Muslim and Christian. Small numbers of Buddhists, Jains, and others groups are also present. " |
| Sikhism | India: Punjab | - | - | - | - | 1998 | Stack, Peggy Fletcher. A World of Faith. USA: Signature Books (1998), pg. 47. | "Sikhs... Illustration: The Golden Temple in the Pool of Immortality in Amritsar, India... " |
| Vipassana Meditation Centers | India: Punjab | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1999 | *LINK* web site: "Vipassana Meditation "; web page: "Vipassana Meditation Centers in India " (viewed 13 Feb. 1999) | counted meditation centers listed in directory; Punjab location: Hoshiarpur |
| Buddhism | India: Rajasthan | 4,467 | 0.01% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Christianity | India: Rajasthan | 47,989 | 0.11% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Hinduism | India: Rajasthan | 39,201,100 | 89.08% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Islam | India: Rajasthan | 3,525,339 | 8.01% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Jainism | India: Rajasthan | 562,806 | 1.28% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| other | India: Rajasthan | 1,191 | 0.00% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census]; [ "other " is religions NOT Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh] |
| Sikhism | India: Rajasthan | 649,174 | 1.48% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Vipassana Meditation Centers | India: Rajasthan | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1999 | *LINK* web site: "Vipassana Meditation "; web page: "Vipassana Meditation Centers in India " (viewed 13 Feb. 1999) | counted meditation centers listed in directory; Rajasthan location: Jaipur |
| Buddhism | India: Sikkim | 110,371 | 27.15% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Christianity | India: Sikkim | 13,413 | 3.30% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Hinduism | India: Sikkim | 277,881 | 68.37% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Islam | India: Sikkim | 3,849 | 0.95% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Jainism | India: Sikkim | - | - | - | - | 1984 | Folkert, Kendall W. "Jainism " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 261. | Figure 7.1: Distributions of the Jain population (in India) by number and as percentage of state population. [Pop. figure for this province: "Below 10,000 " percentage: "less than 1/4% "] |
| Jainism | India: Sikkim | 40 | 0.01% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Lepchas | India: Sikkim | 24,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 438. | "Lepchas are the original inhabitants of Sikkim, formerly an independent kingdom situated in the Himalayas... Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian union in 1975... In 1987 their population was estimated at 65,000, distributed between Nepal (1,272), Sikkim (24,000), and Bhutan (24,200). " |
| other | India: Sikkim | 374 | 0.09% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census]; [ "other " is religions NOT Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh] |
| Sikhism | India: Sikkim | 375 | 0.09% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Brahmans | India: Tamil Nadu | - | 2.66% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 126. | "Around 12% of Hindus in the upper Ganges plains are Brahmans. However, the numbers of Brahmans drop dramatically in areas distant from the Aryan heartland. In Assam, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu, for example, they make up less than 3% of the Hindu population. " [Other sources indicate Tamil Nadu is 88.7% Hindu. 88.7% * .03% = 2.66%] |
| Buddhism | India: Tamil Nadu | 2,128 | 0.00% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Christianity | India: Tamil Nadu | 3,179,410 | 5.69% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Hinduism | India: Tamil Nadu | 49,532,052 | 88.67% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Islam | India: Tamil Nadu | 3,052,717 | 5.47% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Jainism | India: Tamil Nadu | - | - | - | - | 1984 | Folkert, Kendall W. "Jainism " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 261. | Figure 7.1: Distributions of the Jain population (in India) by number and as percentage of state population. [Tamil Nadu: pop. figure: "10,000 to 100,000 " percentage: "below 1/4% "] |
| Jainism | India: Tamil Nadu | 66,900 | 0.12% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Om Sakathi | India: Tamil Nadu | - | - | 1,779 units |
- | 1997 | *LINK* official organization web site; web page: "Om Sakathi Organization " (viewed 26 Jan. 1999) | Table "Numbers of Registered Mandrams "; "Data for the year 1997 "; "Each Mandram has between eight and several thousand members. "; [also called "Adhiparasakthi Movement "] |
| other | India: Tamil Nadu | 2,620 | 0.00% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census]; [ "other " is religions NOT Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh] |
| Shaivism | India: Tamil Nadu | - | - | - | - | 1000 C.E. | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996), pg. 51. | "By the 7th century AD, a great revival of Shiva worship led to a lessening of Buddhist and Jain influence in India, a process that was aided by the poet-saints of the 7th to 11th centuries... The southern Indian state of Tamilnadu became the stronghold of Shiva worship, or Shaivism, perhaps because of the strong Dravidian presence. " |
| Sikhism | India: Tamil Nadu | 5,449 | 0.01% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Vipassana Meditation Centers | India: Tamil Nadu | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1999 | *LINK* web site: "Vipassana Meditation "; web page: "Vipassana Meditation Centers in India " (viewed 13 Feb. 1999) | counted meditation centers listed in directory; Tamil Nadu location: Madras |
| Buddhism | India: Tripura | 128,260 | 4.65% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Chakmas | India: Tripura | 50,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 150-151. | "The Chakma population... Tripura State in India has some 50,000 Chakma refugees who fled Bangladeshi Army operations... " [NOTE: This is a tribal/ethnic group, not a distinct religion.] |
| Christianity | India: Tripura | 46,472 | 1.69% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Hinduism | India: Tripura | 2,384,934 | 86.50% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Islam | India: Tripura | 196,495 | 7.13% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Jainism | India: Tripura | - | - | - | - | 1984 | Folkert, Kendall W. "Jainism " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 261. | Figure 7.1: Distributions of the Jain population (in India) by number and as percentage of state population. [Pop. figure for this province: "Below 10,000 " percentage: "less than 1/4% "] |
| Jainism | India: Tripura | 301 | 0.01% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| other | India: Tripura | 2 | 0.00% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census]; [ "other " is religions NOT Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh] |
| Sikhism | India: Tripura | 740 | 0.03% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Buddhism | India: Uttar Pradesh | 221,433 | 0.16% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Christianity | India: Uttar Pradesh | 120,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: Global Prayer Digest 9/26/87); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Uttar Pradesh, a state in Northern India that has nearly half the population of the United States, but only 120,000 Christians! |
| Christianity | India: Uttar Pradesh | 199,575 | 0.14% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Hinduism | India: Uttar Pradesh | 121,280,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: Global Prayer Digest 9/26/87); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | "PRAY FOR THE 121,280,000 HINDUS OF UTTAR PRADESH STATE, INDIA " |
| Hinduism | India: Uttar Pradesh | 113,712,832 | 81.74% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Islam | India: Uttar Pradesh | 24,109,684 | 17.33% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Jainism | India: Uttar Pradesh | - | - | - | - | 1984 | Folkert, Kendall W. "Jainism " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 261. | Figure 7.1: Distributions of the Jain population (in India) by number and as percentage of state population. [Uttar pradesh: pop. figure: "100,000 to 250,000 " percentage: "less than 1/4% "] |
| Jainism | India: Uttar Pradesh | 176,259 | 0.13% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| other | India: Uttar Pradesh | 8,392 | 0.01% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census]; [ "other " is religions NOT Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh] |
| Sikhism | India: Uttar Pradesh | 675,775 | 0.49% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Sikhism | India: Uttar Pradesh | 400,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993). Pg 30-31. | 350,000 to 400,000 Sikhs (Map of "Largest Sikh Populations in India in 1993 ") |
| Transcendental Meditation | India: Uttar Pradesh | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765. | "Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Although the Maharishi maintained his original center in the Indian holy city of Rishikesh, in Uttar Pradesh, the TM movement was never as popular in India as it became abroad. He eventually established the movement's international headquarters in Switzerland... " |
| Vipassana Meditation Centers | India: Uttar Pradesh | - | - | 4 units |
- | 1999 | *LINK* web site: "Vipassana Meditation "; web page: "Vipassana Meditation Centers in India " (viewed 13 Feb. 1999) | counted meditation centers listed in directory; Uttar Pradesh locations: Dehradun, Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar |
| Pashupata Saivism | India: Varanasi | 10,000 | - | - | - | 650 C.E. | *LINK* "Saivism: Six Schools " in Hinduism Today International (March 1994) | "A seventh-century Chinese traveler, Hiuen Tsiang, wrote that 10,000 Pashupatas then occupied Varanasi. " |
| Bengalis | India: West Bengal | 68,000,000 | - | - | - | 1991 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 110. | "1991 census puts the pop. of Bengal at just over 174 million. The greatest number of Bengalis are found in Bangladesh (106 million), with the remainder living in the Indian state of West Bengal (68 million). " [This is an ethnic/cultural group, NOT a distinct religion.] |
| Buddhism | India: West Bengal | 203,578 | 0.30% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Christianity | India: West Bengal | 383,477 | 0.56% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Hinduism | India: West Bengal | 50,866,624 | 74.72% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Islam | India: West Bengal | - | 20.00% | - | - | 1991 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 110. | "The 1991 cnesus puts the population of Bengal at just over 174 million. The greatest number of Bengalis are found in Bangladesh (106 million), with the remainder living in the Indian state of West Bengal (68 million)... Bengalis, though unified by a common language and culture, are divided by religion. Oover 60% of Bengalis, most living in Bangladesh, are Muslim. Even in Hindu India, more than 20% of West Bengal's population is Muslim... Most Bengalis are Sunnis, though Sufism also plays a role in their religious lives. " |
| Islam | India: West Bengal | 16,075,836 | 23.61% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Jainism | India: West Bengal | - | - | - | - | 1984 | Folkert, Kendall W. "Jainism " in Hinnells, John R. (ed). A Handbook of Living Religions, Penguin Books: New York (1991) [reprint; 1st published in 1984], pg. 261. | Figure 7.1: Distributions of the Jain population (in India) by number and as percentage of state population. [W. Bengal: pop. figure: "10,000 to 100,000 " percentage: "less than 1/4% "] |
| Jainism | India: West Bengal | 34,355 | 0.05% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
