Index| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuareg | Africa | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 432-433. | "Tuaregs: Location: Saharan and Sahelian Africa (mostly Niger, Mali, Algeria, Libya, and Burkina Faso); Population: About 1 million; Language: Tamacheq; Religion: Islam, combined with traditional beliefs and practices "; "The Tuareg, a seminomadic, Islamic people, are best-known for their men's practice of veiling the face with a blue, indigo-dyed cloth. Hence, early travel accounts often referred to them as 'the Blue Men' of the Sahara Desert... "; Pg. 433: "Most Tuareg are Muslim, adhering to Islam. But their pre-Islamic belief system, with its own worldview and rituals, interweaves and overlaps with official Islam.. " |
| Tuareg | world | 300,000 | - | - | - | 1968 | Pinney, Roy. Vanishing Tribes. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1968); pg. 24. | "The Tuareg are a white-skinned peple whose home is the middle Sahara and its southern fringe. They are believed to be the descendents of Berber immigrants, who were forced to embrace a nomadic life in the Sahara when they were displaced by the Bedouin Arabs in the eleventh century. There are now about 300,000 Tuareg, and small numbers of them are scattered over all parts of the desert. Most of the Tuareg, howeer, no longer live in the Sahara proper, but have settled in the Sudan and Air regions on the outskirts of the desert. " |
| Tuareg | world | 400,000 | - | - | 3 countries |
1995 | Haskins, Jim & Joann Biondi. From Afar to Zulu: A Dictionary of African Cultures. New York: Walker Publishing Co. (1995); pg. 152-156. | "Tuareg: Population: 400,000; Location: Algeria, Mali, and Niger; Languages: Tamahaq, Arabic "; Pg. 154: "Although they retain some vestiges of their earlier Christian faith--their favorite decorative motif is the cross--for the most part, the Tuareg have abandoned their ancestral way of life and have adopted that of the Muslims. "; Pg. 156: "Unlike other Muslim peoples, the Tuareg men take just one wife... " |
| Tubatulabal | North America - Pacific Coast | 1,000 | - | - | - | 1770 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 430-431. | Table: "The Pacific Coast: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Tubatulabal | world | 1,000 | - | - | - | 1770 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 430-431. | Table: "The Pacific Coast: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Tubu | Niger | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Tugen | Kenya | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Tujia | China | 5,720,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 780. | "Tujia: Alternate Names: Bizika, Turan, and Tuming; Location: China; Population: 5.72 million; Religion: Polytheism and ancestor worship "; "The Tujia population amounted to 5.72 million in 1990. They dwell mainly in a vast area at the juncture of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and Guizbou provinces. " |
| Tuken | Kenya | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Tukuler | Senegal | 756,000 | 9.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 59. | Estimates of % of population in ethnic (NOT religious) backgrounds, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Tukulor | Mauritania | - | - | - | - | 1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Tukulor | Senegal | - | - | - | - | 1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Tukulor | world | - | - | - | 2 countries |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures; "Senegal, Mauritania " |
| Tunica | North America - Southeastern Woodlands | 2,000 | - | - | - | 1650 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 133. | Table: "Southeastern Woodlands: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber); Includes figures for Yazoo tribe. |
| Tunica | world | 2,000 | - | - | - | 1650 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 133. | Table: "Southeastern Woodlands: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber); Includes figures for Yazoo tribe. |
| Tupi | Brazil | - | - | 2 units |
1 country |
1968 | Pinney, Roy. Vanishing Tribes. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1968); pg. 205, 210. | "...the country of the Rio Xingu, a major waterway that rises in the sandstone plateaus of Brazil and flows northward to the might Amazon... "; Pg. 210: "Anthropologist Kalervo Oberg was one of the fortunate few to gain a permit to study the Xingu tribes. Working with the Smithsonian Institution, he entered the area in the late 1940's and emerged some months later with a report that is still the main source of our knowledge about the Indians. While studying all four of the language groups in the area--the Carib, the Arawak, the Tupi, and the Trumai--Oberg concentrated intensively on a single village, that of the Camayura, one of the two Tupi-speaking groups in the area. " |
| Tupinamba | Brazil | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 702. | Chapter: "South American Tribal Religions "; map: "Tribal Locations " |
| Turk | Bulgaria | 1,000,000 | 11.28% | - | - | 1992 | Shoemaker, M. Wesley. Russia, Eurasian States, and Eastern Europe 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 245. | "There are about a million ethnic Turks in the country [Bulgaria], about 800,000 of whom are Moslem. " |
| Turk | Macedonia | 77,455 | 4.00% | - | - | 1994 | Shoemaker, M. Wesley. Russia, Eurasian States, and Eastern Europe 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 370-371. | "Macedonia... Population: 1,936,377 (July 1994)... Other minorities include Turks (4%), Romanies (Gypsies, 2.3%), and Serbs (2%). " |
| Turkana | Kenya | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Turkish Orthodox Church | USA | - | - | 14 units |
- | 1967 | Melton, J. Gordon. The Encyclopedia of American Religions, vol. 1. McGrath Publishing Co.: Wilmington, NC (1978); pg. 74. | - |
| Turkish Orthodox Church | USA | - | - | 14 units |
- | 1969 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 135. | "Turkish Orthodox Church... Membership: In 1969 the church reported 14 churches and 6 mission parishes. " |
| Turkish Orthodox Church | USA | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1991 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 135. | "Turkish Orthodox Church... Membership: In 1969 the church reported 14 churches and 6 mission parishes. Remarks: The Turkish Orthodox Church continued to exist throughout the 1970s but during the early 1980s, Archbishop Cragg moved to Chicago and opened a health clinic. His stationary carried the title, American Orthodox Church, Diocese of Chicago and North America. " |
| Turkomans | Afghanistan | 1,450,000 | 10.00% | - | - | 1989 | Bratvold, Gretchen (ed). Afghanistan ...in Pictures (Visual Geography Series). Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Co. (1989); pg. 40, 42. | "About 14.5 million people live in Afghanistan... "; Pg. 42: "Turkomans and Uzbek [ethnic groups]--whose territories Afghanistan and the Soviet Union share--live in the north. The Turkic language they speak is not related to the Indo-European family, and these groups represent less than 10% of Afghanistan's population. Most of these Turkic-speakers are farmers, although some have moved to urban centers, where they can find better schools and higher-paying jobs. " |
| Turkomans | Iraq | - | - | - | - | 1990 | Bratvold, Gretchen (ed). Iraq ...in Pictures (Visual Geography Series). Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Co. (1990); pg. 40. | "Iraq's population of 18.1 million people includes several ethnic groups. Arabs make up about 75% of the total, and Kurds--the largest non-Arab group--compose about 20%. Small numbers of Turkomans, Assyrians, Armenians, and Iranians also live in Iraq. " |
| Turkomans | Iraq | 2,500,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "There are between 2 and 2.5 million Turkomans in Iraq. Most of them live in the northern and central parts. They have, historically, constituted a border between the Arabs in the south and the Kurds to the north. Since the Gulf War, when a demilitarised zone for the Kurds was established in the northern part of Iraq, the Turkoman population has been geographically separated. The Turkomans have suffered greatly from the fighting in the Kurd dominated areas. " |
| Turkomans | Jordan | - | - | - | - | 1999 | Camerapix. Spectrum Guide to Jordan. Brooklyn, NY: Interlink Books (1999); pg. 67. | "The North Jordan Valley contains a small community of Turkomans and Bahais, who moved from Iran to Jordan in 1910. They settle don land in Jordan that was bought in 1879 by Abdul Baha Abbas, the leader of the Bahia Faith. " |
| Tuscarora | North America | 3,245 | - | - | - | 1991 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 2 - Americas. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 252. | "The total population of Iroquois today is over 60,000 (according to the US Census of 1990 and Canadian Census of 1991). " Table showing tribes of the Iroquois nation (Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, Tuscarora, Onondaga, Cayaga), and population of the tribe. [NOTE: This is a measure of tribal affiiation. Most Iroquois today are Christian.] |
| Tuscarora | North America - Southeastern Woodlands | 5,000 | - | - | - | 1600 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 133. | Table: "Southeastern Woodlands: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Tuscarora | world | 5,000 | - | - | - | 1600 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 133. | Table: "Southeastern Woodlands: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Tutsi | Africa | - | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 443, 445. | "Tutsi: Location: Rwanda, Burundi, northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire); Population: About Approximately 13 million; Religion: Christianity (with aspects of traditional belief) "; Pg. 445: "Most people in modern-day Rwanda and Burundi are Christians, but aspects of traditional belief survive. " [NOTE: This statistic is a measure of tribal/ethnic affiliation and not how many people practice traditional Tutsi religion.] |
| Tutsi | Burundi | 560,000 | 16.00% | - | - | 1973 | Carpenter, Allan & Matthew Maginnis. Burundi (series: Enchantment of Africa). Chicago: Childrens Press (1973); pg. 90. | "Total Population - 3,500,000... Population Distribution (by ethnic group): Hutu: 83%; Tutsi: 16%; Twa: less than 1%; Foreigners: less than .5% " |
| Tutsi | Burundi | 826,000 | 14.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 86. | Estimates of % of population in ethnic (NOT religious) backgrounds, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Tutsi | Rwanda | 1,022,000 | 14.00% | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site; web page: "Batwa (Rwanda) " (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). | "Before the genocide and war of 1994, there were 7.3 million inhabitants in Rwanda?the Hutu and Tutsi comprised 85% and 14% respectively of the total population. " |
| Tutsi | Rwanda | 711,000 | 9.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 89. | Estimates of % of population in ethnic (NOT religious) backgrounds, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Tutsi | world | 690,000 | - | - | 2 countries |
1995 | Haskins, Jim & Joann Biondi. From Afar to Zulu: A Dictionary of African Cultures. New York: Walker Publishing Co. (1995); pg. 158, 161. | "Tutsi: Population: 690,000; Location: Rwanda and Burundi; Languages: Rwand and Rundi; Pg. 161: "The religious practices of the Tutsi are a combination of Christianity, which was adopted during colonial times, and old Bantu customs. They believe in several gods and in spirits of the dead... " |
| Tuvans | Russia | 235,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 4 - Europe. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 383, 385. | "Tuvans: Location: Russia (southern Siberia); Population: 235,000; Religions: Shamanism; Buddhism "; "The ancient religion of the Tuvans is shamanism... The Tibetan variety of Buddhism was brought to Tuva by Mongolian lamas... during the 18th century & soon claimed many converts. Instead of abandoning shamanism, however, the Tuvans continued to practice it along with the new religion... During the 1930s, the Tuvan government... destroyed the monasteries & imprisoned or killed many Tuvan lamas & shamans. Tuvan religious practiced emerged from underground in the 1980s when the [Gorbachev] put an end to the Soviet government's war on religion. Since then, several young Tuvans have gone to Mongolia's buddhist monasteries for religious training, & Tuvan Buddhists have made plans to rebuild some of the destroyed monasteries. " |
| Tuvans | Russia: Tuva | 300,700 | 97.00% | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site; web page: "Tuva " (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). | "The republic of Tuva lies at the upper reaches of the Siberian Yenisey river. Population: Of the population of approximately 310,000 people 97% are Tuvans. Other Tuvans live in Mongolia and the Peoples Republic of China. Tuvans are one of the oldest peoples to inhabit Central Asia with a unique culture. The mixture of cultural roots of ancient Tuvans, Uigurs and Kyrgyzians formed a the basis of the culture of the present-day. " |
| Twa | Burundi | 35,000 | 1.00% | - | - | 1973 | Carpenter, Allan & Matthew Maginnis. Burundi (series: Enchantment of Africa). Chicago: Childrens Press (1973); pg. 90. | "Total Population - 3,500,000... Population Distribution (by ethnic group): Hutu: 83%; Tutsi: 16%; Twa: less than 1%; Foreigners: less than .5% " |
| Twa | Burundi | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Twa | Burundi | 59,000 | 1.00% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 86. | Estimates of % of population in ethnic (NOT religious) backgrounds, & est. 1997 total pop.; "Twa, or Pygmies (1%) " |
| Twa | Rwanda | 29,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "Before the genocide in 1994 the 29,000 Twas were disbursed all over [Rwanda], often in the outskirts of the Hutu and Tutsi villages. " |
| Twa | Rwanda | 20,000 | 0.40% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site; web page: "Batwa (Rwanda) " (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). | "BATWA (RWANDA)... Batwa is situated in Central East Africa. In the north Rwanda borders Uganda, in the east Tanzania, in the west Dem. Rep. Congo and in the south Burundi... The Batwa are indigenous inhabitant of Rwanda. The present Batwa population, based on a provisional census carried out by UNPO in late 1994, is between 10,000 - 20,000. Ethnic Diversity: Before the genocide and war of 1994, there were 7.3 million inhabitants in Rwanda. The Batwa made up 0.4%, some 20,000 people, the Hutu and Tutsi comprised 85% and 14% respectively of the total population. Languages: Like all Rwandans, the Batwa speak Kinyarwanda. Organisations: The Association for the Promotion of Batwa (APB) represents the Batwa population in UNPO. The Community of Indigenous People of Rwanda (CAURWA) is uniting three existing Batwa organisations, including APB. " |
| Twa | Rwanda | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Twa | Rwanda | 39,500 | 0.50% | - | - | 1997 | Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 89. | Estimates of % of population in ethnic (NOT religious) backgrounds, & est. 1997 total pop.; "Twa, or Pygmies (1%) " |
| Twa | Rwanda | 10,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "Only about 10,000 Twa remain today. It is estimated that about ten thousand Twas were killed and the same number is living as refugees. " |
| Twa | Rwanda | - | 0.40% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* Gamming, Jenny. They have a flag-but no country " in Swedish Expressen, 17 Aug. 1997. (Viewed 16 Aug. 1999). Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation web site. Translated by SSF/Goran Hansson. | "The Twa People, sometimes also called the Batwa People, are pygmies and the indigenous population of Rwanda. They constitute only 0.4 % of the population of Rwanda. " |
| Twelvers | Afghanistan | - | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 16-17. | "Afghanistan is one of the most solidly Muslim countries in the world... About 10-20% of Afghanis are Shi'ah Muslims, of both the Imami and Ismaili sects. " |
| Twelvers | Bahrain | - | 51.00% | - | - | 1993 | Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck & Jane Idleman Smith. Mission to America: Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1993); pg. 5. | "The largest Shi'ite roup, known as the Imamis or Ithna 'Asharis ('Twelvers')... constitute most of present-day Iran, over half of Bahrain & Iraq, large minorities in Kuwait, Suadi Arabia, & Dubai... " |
| Twelvers | Iran | 7,000,000 | - | - | - | 1969 | Hutchinson, John A. Paths of Faith; New York: McGraw-Hill (1969); pg. 469. | "In Iran, where some seven million Twelvers live... " |
| Twelvers | Iraq | - | - | - | - | 1736 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 434. | "By the 16th century, Twelver doctrine became the state religion of Persia, and under the Safavidts (1502-1736), two horses were kept saddled and ready at all times, pending the return of the Mahdi and Jesus? " |
| Twelvers | Iraq | - | - | - | - | 1970 | Cavendish, Richard (ed.). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural (vol. 11). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1970); pg. 1469. | "The Imamites, the main body of the Shia, believe in 12 imams, the first being Ali... At its opening early this century the first parliament in Persia was said to be held under the auspices of the hidden imam. " |
| Twelvers | Iraq | - | 51.00% | - | - | 1993 | Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck & Jane Idleman Smith. Mission to America: Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1993); pg. 5. | "The largest Shi'ite roup, known as the Imamis or Ithna 'Asharis ('Twelvers')... constitute most of present-day Iran, over half of Bahrain & Iraq, large minorities in Kuwait, Suadi Arabia, & Dubai... " |
| Twelvers | Lebanon | - | - | - | - | 1996 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 434. | "In Syria and Lebanon, Twelvers are called Matawila ('friends of Ali'), and in Yemen, Zaydites (after a great-grandson of Ali). " |
| Twelvers | Middle East | - | - | - | - | 1992 | Ovendale, Ritchie. The Longman Companion to The Middle East since 1914. London & New York: Longman (1992); pg. 219. | "Ithna'asharis (Twelvers): The largest Shiite school. It acknowledges a succession of 12 Imams. Ithna'asharis believe that Muhammad publicly designated Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and the husband of his daughter, Fatima, to succeed him. Ithna'asharis believe that the community, in rejecting Ali, committed an act of infidelity. Ithna'asharis believe that each Imam designated his successor until the last known one, Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twlfth in line, who disappeared in 878. They believe he is still alive and will reappear as the Mahdi, a messiah, before the Day of Judgement... After the disappearance... Shiites in Iraq were protected by the Byuids (932-1066)... 'Twelver' Shiism is prominent today in Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, eastern Arabia, India and Pakistan. " |
| Twelvers | Syria | - | - | - | - | 1996 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 434. | "In Syria and Lebanon, Twelvers are called Matawila ('friends of Ali'), and in Yemen, Zaydites (after a great-grandson of Ali). " |
| Twelvers | world | - | - | - | - | 765 C.E. | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 433. | "In 765, the Shiites split into two sects, the Seveners and the Twelvers (Ithna Asharis or Imami). The moderate Twelvers supported Ali and his 11 directly hereditary successors, imputing to them doctrinal infallibility?Today they embrace the concept of the 12th Imam, based on the historical figure known as Muhammad al-Muntazar ('the Expected')... " |
| Twelvers | world | - | - | - | - | 1973 | Zehavi, A.M. (editor) Handbook of the World's Religions. New York: Franklin Watts (1973); pg. 139. | "Imamis, the greatest body of Shiites in the 20th century, form the majority of the population of Iran, in both Iranian and Soviet Azerbaidzhan, and southern Iraq, and important minorities in eastern Arabi, northern Syria, northern India, and the Indian Deccan. " |
| Twelvers | world | - | - | - | - | 1993 | Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck & Jane Idleman Smith. Mission to America: Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1993); pg. 5. | "The largest Shi'ite roup, known as the Imamis or Ithna 'Asharis ('Twelvers')... constitute most of present-day Iran, over half of Bahrain & Iraq, large minorities in Kuwait, Suadi Arabia, & Dubai, and significant groups in Lebanon, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India & the Asian republics of the former Soviet Union. " |
| Twelvers | Yemen | - | - | - | - | 1996 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 434. | "In Syria and Lebanon, Twelvers are called Matawila ('friends of Ali'), and in Yemen, Zaydites (after a great-grandson of Ali). " |
| Twi | Ghana | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Two-by-Twos | world | 600,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* OPPOSING VIEW (anti-) web site: "Telling the Truth " (Oklahoma City, OK); "FACT SHEET For The Church Without A Name " (viewed 27 Feb. 1999) | Census: No census records of membership available. Member estimates range between 250,000 and 600,000 worldwide. In 1987-88, the USA and Canada listed a total of 1,071 workers. Outreach: Worldwide, except Arab countries. |
| Two-by-Twos | world | 150,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* web site: "Workers, Friends and THE CHURCH WITHOUT A NAME Home Page "; "This site is offered by: VOT [Veterans of Truth]; "This site was last updated on January 23, 1999 "; web page: "Government of this Secretive Group " (viewed 27 Feb. 1999) | CENSUS: No census records of membership are available and attempts to estimate the numbers have varied from 35,000 to 600,00 worldwide. [Recent attempts to determine the numbers have indicated 50,000 to 150,000 worldwide.] |
| Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists | Indiana | 24 | 0.00% | 1 unit |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center (Mars Hill, NC). Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. Courtesy of American Religion Data Archive. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members' column: 20. [Listed as 'Two-Seed-In-The-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists.'] |
| Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists | Tennessee | 10 | 0.00% | 1 unit |
- | 1990 | Glenmary Research Center (Mars Hill, NC). Churches & Church Membership in U.S., 1990. Courtesy of American Religion Data Archive. | By-county org. reports, figures from 'Churches' & inclusive 'Adherents' columns. More exclusive 'members' column: 08. [Listed as 'Two-Seed-In-The-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists.'] |
Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists, continued 