Index| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sikhism | Tanzania | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Thailand | - | - | 9 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Uganda | - | - | 2 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | 130,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Bishop, Peter & Michael Darton (editors). The Encyclopedia of World Faiths: An Illustrated Survey of the World's Living Faiths. New York: Facts on File Publications (1987); pg. 268. | "Outside India, some 350,000 [Sikhs] live in the UK and another 100,000 in North america. " |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | 400,000 | - | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Total population: 57,591,677. Anglican 27 million, Roman Catholic 9 million, Muslim 1 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 400,000, Hindu 350,000, Jewish 300,000 (1991 est.). NOTE: UK does not include question on religion in its census. |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1992 | Wolff, Michael. Where We Stand: Can America Make it in the Global Race for Wealth, Health, and Happiness? Bantam Books: New York (1992); pg. 206-207. | Chart |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | 500,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: 350,001 - 500,000 Sikhs in United Kingdom. |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | - | - | 100 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | "Over 100 " gurdwaras. Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | 240,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | 500,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 55. | "Today there are 12 million Sikhs in India, 1 million in the U.S. and Canada, 500,000 in Great Britain. " |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions "; total population: 58,210,000 |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom: Britain | 250,000 | - | - | - | 1985 | Aggarwal, Manju (with Harjeet Singh Lal). I Am A Sikh. New York: Franklin Watts (1985); pg. 30,. | "In Britain there are thought to be about 250,000 Sikhs -- the largest number in any one country outside India. In the United States there are an estimated 20,000 Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom: Britain | 250,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Arora, Ranjit. Sikhism (series: "Religions of the World "). New York: Bookwright Press (1987); pg. 4. | "Approximately 250,000 Sikhs live in Britain where they form the largest Sikh community outside India. " |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom: England | - | - | - | - | 1990 | Bratvold, Gretchen (ed). England ...in Pictures (Visual Geography Series). Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Co. (1990); pg. 44. | "As a result of recent immigrations, many English cities have large Sikh, Hindu, and Islamic congregations. Members of the Sikh and Hindu faiths generally have an Indian background... These groups often support their own schools in an effort to preserve their religious heritage in England. " |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom: England | 500,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | Blashfield, Jean F. England ( "Enchantment of the World Second Series "). New York: Children's Press (1997); pg. 102. | "There are also 7 million Catholics, almost 2 million Muslims, almost 1 million Hindus, 500,000 Sikhs, 3,000 Jews, and a smattering of people who follow other religions... " |
| Sikhism | United Kingdom: Great Britain | 175,000 | - | - | - | 1986 | Langley, Andrew. Passport to Great Britain. New York: Franklin Watts (1986); pg. 26. | "Religions: In 1985... Members of other religions included about 900,000 Muslims, 111,000 Jews, 140,000 Hindus and 175,000 Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | USA | 0 | 0.00% | - | - | 1900 | 1996 Britannica Book of the Year | Table: Non-Christian Religious Adherents in the United States |
| Sikhism | USA | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1912 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 318-319. | "However, many of the approximately ten thousand South Asian immigrants were not Hindus; even though many Americans persisted in calling them that, they were in fact Sikhs. The first Sikh temple (also called a gurdwara) was established in Stockton, California, in 1912... " |
| Sikhism | USA | 1,000 | 0.00% | - | - | 1970 | 1996 Britannica Book of the Year | Table: Non-Christian Religious Adherents in the United States |
| Sikhism | USA | 1,000 | - | - | - | 1970 | Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything 1999. New York: DK Publishing (1998); pg. 76. | Table: "Top 10 Fastest-Growing Religious Affiliations in the US "; "Based on increases/decreases between 1970 and 1995 "; Rank: #1; 18,900.0% growth during these 25 years. |
| Sikhism | USA | 1,000 | - | - | - | 1970 | Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything, DK Publishing, Inc.: New York (1997); pg. 160-161. | List: "Fastest Growing Religious Affiliations in the US " (Based on increase/decrease in membership between 1970 and 1995). |
| Sikhism | USA | 100,000 | - | - | - | 1974 | *LINK* Religious Requirements & Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains (1993) - (online ed. - 1998); contract #: MDA903-90-C-0062 w/ Dept. of Defense; J. Gordon Melton, Project Director & James Lewis. | "After World War II, and particularly after immigration barriers were lowered in 1965, Sikhs began migrating to the United States until by 1974 there were close to 100,000 Sikhs in this country " |
| Sikhism | USA | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 318-319. | "The first Sikh temple (also called a gurdwara) was established in Stockton, California, in 1912, and much later other Sikh temples were build in El Centro and Marysville, California, and more recently in most of the major American cities on both the East and West Coasts. " |
| Sikhism | USA | 20,000 | - | - | - | 1985 | Aggarwal, Manju (with Harjeet Singh Lal). I Am A Sikh. New York: Franklin Watts (1985); pg. 30,. | "In Britain there are thought to be about 250,000 Sikhs -- the largest number in any one country outside India. In the United States there are an estimated 20,000 Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | USA | 150,000 | 0.10% | - | - | 1990 | 1996 Britannica Book of the Year | Table: Non-Christian Religious Adherents in the United States |
| Sikhism | USA | 13,000 | - | - | - | 1990 | Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York (1993); pg. 15-17. | Table 1-2: Self-Described Adherence of U.S. Adult Population 1990. Phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by Graduate School of City U. of New York. |
| Sikhism | USA | 250,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* Religious Requirements & Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains (1993) - (online ed. - 1998); contract #: MDA903-90-C-0062 w/ Dept. of Defense; J. Gordon Melton, Project Director & James Lewis. | "MEMBERSHIP: 250,000 in the U.S.; 17,000,000 Worldwide. "; [Called here "Sikh Dharma ", but refers to the whole religion of normative Sikhism] |
| Sikhism | USA | 350,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: 250,000 - 350,000 Sikhs in USA. |
| Sikhism | USA | - | - | 50 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | USA | 190,000 | 0.10% | - | - | 1995 | 1996 Britannica Book of the Year | Table: Non-Christian Religious Adherents in the United States |
| Sikhism | USA | 190,000 | - | - | - | 1995 | Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything 1999. New York: DK Publishing (1998); pg. 76. | Table: "Top 10 Fastest-Growing Religious Affiliations in the US "; "Based on increases/decreases between 1970 and 1995 "; Rank: #1; 18,900.0% growth during these 25 years. |
| Sikhism | USA | 190,000 | - | - | - | 1995 | Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything, DK Publishing, Inc.: New York (1997); pg. 160-161. | List: "Fastest Growing Religious Affiliations in the US " (Based on increase/decrease in membership between 1970 and 1995). |
| Sikhism | USA | 190,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Sikhism | USA | 440,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* web site: Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance (viewed circa Nov. 1998); "last updated October 1998 " | Table: "'Other Than Christian' Organizations "; "Some of the following data were estimated from North American figures: " |
| Sikhism | USA | 175,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | New York Times News Service. "Sikhs mark 300th anniversary of faith's core concept " in Dallas Morning News (Monday, 5 April 1999); pg. 5A. | "The denomination, the world's fifth largest, has grown in the west, with 175,000 adherents in the U.S. and 225,000 in Canada. " |
| Sikhism | USA | 500,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Stack, Peggy (compiler). "World View " (subtitle: "Sikhs Mark Anniversary ") in Salt Lake Tribune (3 April 1999; viewed online 3 April 1999). Source: Religious News Service. | "About 500,000 Sikhs live in the United States. " |
| Sikhism | USA | 250,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Stack, Peggy Fletcher (compiler). "World View: Sikhs Celebrate 300 Years of Brotherhood " in Salt Lake Tribune (April 17, 1999). Viewed online 17 April 1999. | "Sikhs make up about 2 percent of India's 950 million people. In the United States, there are about 250,000 Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | USA | 240,000 | 0.10% | - | - | 2000 | 1996 Britannica Book of the Year | Table: Non-Christian Religious Adherents in the United States. Year 2000 projection done in 1995. |
| Sikhism | world | 6,000,000 | - | - | - | 1957 | Welles, Sam. The World's Great Religions, New York: Time Incorporated (1957); pg. 7. | "Sikhs... They are another tight community, of about 6 million, dwelling mainly in the Punjab, their center in the holy city of Amritsar. " |
| Sikhism | world | 6,000,000 | - | - | - | 1958 | Welles, Sam. The World's Great Religions, New York: Western Publishing Co. (1972). [11th printing; original edition: 1958]; pg. 9. | "Most of the six million Sikhs live in the Punjab district. " |
| Sikhism | world | 6,200,000 | - | - | - | 1960 | Hutchinson, John A. Paths of Faith; New York: McGraw-Hill (1969). [Orig. source: W. Norman Brown, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, rev. ed., University of Pennsylvania Pres, Philadelphia, 1960, p. 93]; pg. 185. | "Sikhism... is today the religion of some 6,200,000 people concentrated mainly in the Punjab in northwest India. " |
| Sikhism | world | 6,000,000 | 0.13% | - | - | 1982 | *LINK* Web site: "Urantia Book Fellowship Archives "; web page: "An Introduction to Sikhism " [subtitle: "The Religion of Syncretism "] (viewed 11 April 1999). Written by Meredith Sprunger. | "Sikhism is the youngest of the world religions. It was founded by Nanak in the sixteenth century and has approximately 6,000,000 adherents located chiefly in the Punjab region of India. " [Approx. 1982 world pop.: 4.6 billion.] |
| Sikhism | world | - | - | - | - | 1983 | Oxtoby, Willard G. The Meaning of Other Faiths. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press (1983); pg. 38-39. | "After these first five religions [Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism], consensus fades. In Britain, standard textbooks also list the five-century-old Sikh tradition, because of the modern migration of many Sikhs from India to England. " |
| Sikhism | world | 15,000,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1985 | Aggarwal, Manju (with Harjeet Singh Lal). I Am A Sikh. New York: Franklin Watts (1985); pg. 30,. | "In the 1980s there were about 15 million Sikhs in India -- about 2% of the population. " |
| Sikhism | world | - | - | - | - | 1985 | Aggarwal, Manju (with Harjeet Singh Lal). I Am A Sikh. New York: Franklin Watts (1985); pg. 30,. | "In the 1980s there were about 15 million Sikhs in India -- about 2% of the population. Sikhs have emigrated to many countries of the world since Indian independence in 1947. The placs in which Sikh communities are found include Britain, East Africa, Canada, the US, Malaysia and most European countries. In Britain there are thought to be about 250,000 Sikhs -- the largest number in any one country outside India. In the US there are an estimated 20,000 Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | world | 8,000,000 | - | - | - | 1986 | Pastva, Loretta. Great Religions of the World; Winona, Minnesota: Saint Mary's Press, Christian Brothers Publications (1995) [9th printing. 1st printing in 1986]; pg. 83. | "Even many Westerners recognize the turbaned Indian as a Sikh, although followers of this sect number only six to eight million. " |
| Sikhism | world | 10,000,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Arora, Ranjit. Sikhism (series: "Religions of the World "). New York: Bookwright Press (1987); pg. 4. | "Today there are more than ten million Sikhs in the world and most of them live in the Punjab state in northern India. Approximately 250,000 Sikhs live in Britain where they form the largest Sikh community outside India. There are another 200,000 in the US and Canada. Small Sikh communities also exist in East Africa, Singapore, Malaysia, Iran, Fiji, Australia, Thailand and Hong Kong. " |
| Sikhism | world | 13,000,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Bishop, Peter & Michael Darton (editors). The Encyclopedia of World Faiths: An Illustrated Survey of the World's Living Faiths. New York: Facts on File Publications (1987); pg. 268. | "The total world population of Sikhs is probably about 13 million, mos of whom live in Punjab. " |
| Sikhism | world | 20,000,000 | - | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* Wilson, Andrew (ed). "The World Religions and their Scriptures " in World Scripture. International Religious Foundation, 1991. (viewed 9 July 1999) | "Sikhism is a monotheistic religion with about twenty million adherents. " |
| Sikhism | world | 17,000,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* Religious Requirements & Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains (1993) - (online ed. - 1998); contract #: MDA903-90-C-0062 w/ Dept. of Defense; J. Gordon Melton, Project Director & James Lewis. | "MEMBERSHIP: 250,000 in the U.S.; 17,000,000 Worldwide. "; [Called here "Sikh Dharma ", but refers to the whole religion of normative Sikhism] |
| Sikhism | world | 16,000,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | Clarke, Peter B. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 173. | "The Sikh religion was founded... in the Punjab in northwestern India--where some 12 million of the 16 million Sikhs in the world live. " |
| Sikhism | world | 17,735,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | Faux, Marian (ed.). The New York Public Library Sudent's Desk Reference. New York: Prentice Hall (1993); pg. 270. | Table: "The World's Major Religions: How Big Are They? "; "Estimated number of followers of each religion. " |
| Sikhism | world | 17,200,000 | 0.30% | - | - | 1993 | Johnstone. Operation World. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan (1993); pg. 23. | "Sikh 0.3%. 17.2 million. Growth 2.3%. Mainly in India; many migrants in Britain and Canada. " |
| Sikhism | world | 16,000,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | "There are 16 million Sikhs worldwide. Over 80 percent live in India, mainly in the Punjab. " |
| Sikhism | world | 8,000,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | Rausch, David A. & Carl Hermann Voss. World Religions: Our Quest for Meaning; Trinity Press International: Valley Forge, PA (1993); pg. 52. | "Punjab, home to the vast majority of the world's 8 million Sikhs... " |
| Sikhism | world | 19,161,000 | 0.34% | - | - | 1995 | The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 646. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 " |
| Sikhism | world | 19,508,000 | 0.34% | - | - | 1996 | The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 654. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 " |
| Sikhism | world | 18,800,500 | 0.30% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Sikhism " (viewed 2 March 1999); [Orig. source: Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357.] | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage " |
| Sikhism | world | 20,000,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* "From: p.west@mailbox.uq.edu.au (Peter B. West); Newsgroups: aus.religion, aus.religion.christian, alt.christnet.theology; Subject: Re: Anglicans, Catholics, Buddhists?; Date: Mon, 07 Apr 1997 " [Orig. source: "From 'The Public Square' by Richard John Neuhaus (1997); First Things 70 (Feb. 1997): 58-74. http://www.firstthings.com/ "] | "Just to round out the picture, there are a little over a billion people classified as 'non-religious' or 'atheist,' 766 million Hindus, 337 million Buddhists, and 20 million Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | world | 19,161,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything, DK Publishing, Inc.: New York (1997); pg. 160-161. | List: "Top 10 Organized Religions in the World "; (Rank: 5) |
| Sikhism | world | 16,000,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | Breuilly, Elizabeth, et al. Religions of the World: The Illustrated Guide to Origins, Beliefs, Traditions & Festivals. Facts on File Inc.: New York, NY (1997); pg. 10 to 11. | "There are 16 million Sikhs worldwide. Over 80% of them live in India, mainly in the Punjab in northwestern India. There are sizable communities in the UK, USA and Canada; smaller ones in East Africa, Europe, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand. " |
| Sikhism | world | 16,000,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | Ganeri, Anita. Religions Explained: A Beginner's Guide to World Faiths, Henry Hold and Company: Markham, Ontario (1997); pg. 48. | "There are about 16 million Sikhs in the world today, most of whom still live in the Punjab. " |
| Sikhism | world | 19,000,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* "Top 10 Organized Religions in the World " in Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 4, 1998, page B2. | Table, with 2 columns: Religion, Members: "Christianity, 1.9 billion; Islam 1.1 billion; Hinduism, 781 mil.; Buddhism, 324 mil.; Sikhism, 19 mil.; Judaism, 14 mil.; Baha'ism, 6.1 mil.; Confucianism, 5.3 mil.; Jainism, 4.9 mil.; Shintoism, 2.8 mil. " |
| Sikhism | world | 22,332,000 | 0.38% | - | - | 1998 | World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999). [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 695. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 " |
| Sikhism | world | 22,874,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything 1999. New York: DK Publishing (1998); pg. 77. | Table: "Top 10 Organized Religious Groups in the World "; Rank: #9 |
