Index| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sikhism | Australia | 12,017 | 0.07% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* Parliament of Australia web site; page: "Census 96: Religion " (viewed 18 Dec. 1999) | Self-identification, from 1996 govt. census. |
| Sikhism | Bangladesh | - | - | 3 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | British Columbia | 75,500 | 2.30% | - | - | 1991 | Gall, Timothy L. & Susan Bevan Gall (editors). Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Canadian Provinces. Detroit: U.X.L. (1997), [Orig. source: Canadian Census]; pg. 24. | "In 1991, 44.5% of British Columbia's population, or about 1,460,500 people, was Protestant... British Columbia also had... 23,000 people of Eastern Orthodox faith, 75,500 Sikhs... " |
| Sikhism | British Columbia | 74,600 | 2.30% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Statistics Canada "; web page: "Population, by religion, 1991 Census " (viewed 9 Jan. 1999); Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 93-319-XPB. | table: "Population, by religion, 1991 Census " |
| Sikhism | British Columbia | 100,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* web site: "United Church of Canada Inter-Faith Dialogue "; web page: "Sikhism " (viewed 19 Feb. 1999), written by Fritz B. Voll, "Updated: Tue Jun 9 23:39:38 1998. " | "About 200,000 are in Canada, and close to one-half of the Canadian Sikhs live in British Columbia, where they make up about 80% of the Indo-Canadian population. " |
| Sikhism | California | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1912 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 318-319. | "However, many of the approximately ten thousand South Asian immigrants were not Hindus; even though many Americans persisted in calling them that, they were in fact Sikhs. The first Sikh temple (also called a gurdwara) was established in Stockton, California, in 1912... " |
| Sikhism | Canada | 67,715 | 0.30% | - | - | 1981 | *LINK* Government statistics web site (viewed circa Nov. 1998): "Population, by religion, 1981 and 1991 Censuses " table | Total population = 24,083,495. |
| Sikhism | Canada | 147,400 | 0.55% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* Government statistics web site (viewed circa Nov. 1998): "Population by religion, 1991 Census " table | Total population = 26,994,000. |
| Sikhism | Canada | 147,400 | 0.55% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Statistics Canada "; web page: "Population, by religion, 1991 Census " (viewed 9 Jan. 1999); Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 93-319-XPB. | table: "Population, by religion, 1991 Census " |
| Sikhism | Canada | 147,440 | - | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Toronto Consultants on Religious Tolerance "; web page: "Sikhism " (viewed 2 March 1999) | "Sikhs totaled 147,440 in the 1991 Canadian census. " |
| Sikhism | Canada | 50,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: 25,000 - 50,000 Sikhs in Canada. |
| Sikhism | Canada | - | - | 100 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Canada | 160,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Sikhism | Canada | 300,000 | 1.00% | - | - | 1998 | "Interfaith group fights redefinition of 'spouse' " in Christian Century (Apr. 22-29, 1998); pg. 426. | "There are 300,000 Sikhs in Canada. " |
| Sikhism | Canada | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions " |
| Sikhism | Canada | 200,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* web site: "United Church of Canada Inter-Faith Dialogue "; web page: "Sikhism " (viewed 19 Feb. 1999), written by Fritz B. Voll, "Updated: Tue Jun 9 23:39:38 1998. " | "About 200,000 are in Canada, and close to one-half of the Canadian Sikhs live in British Columbia, where they make up about 80% of the Indo-Canadian population. " |
| Sikhism | Canada | 225,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | New York Times News Service. "Sikhs mark 300th anniversary of faith's core concept " in Dallas Morning News (Monday, 5 April 1999); pg. 5A. | "The denomination, the world's fifth largest, has grown in the west, with 175,000 adherents in the U.S. and 225,000 in Canada. " |
| Sikhism | Denmark | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Ecuador | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Eurasia | 500 | 0.00% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Sikhism " (viewed 2 March 1999); [Orig. source: Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357.] | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; [Geographical regions in this table: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Northern America, Oceania, and Eurasia] |
| Sikhism | Europe | 490,000 | 0.07% | - | - | 1995 | The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 646. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 " |
| Sikhism | Europe | 494,000 | 0.07% | - | - | 1996 | The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 654. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 " |
| Sikhism | Europe | 231,000 | 0.05% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Sikhism " (viewed 2 March 1999); [Orig. source: Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357.] | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; [Geographical regions in this table: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Northern America, Oceania, and Eurasia] |
| Sikhism | Europe | 236,000 | 0.03% | - | - | 1998 | World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999). [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 695. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 " |
| Sikhism | Fiji | - | 1.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Sikhism | Fiji | - | 0.50% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions " |
| Sikhism | France | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | French Guiana | - | 2.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Sikhism | Germany | - | - | 5 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Hong Kong | - | - | 2 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | Hong Kong | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1998 | Kagda, Falaq. Hong Kong (series: Cultures of the World). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1998); pg. 67. | "In all, there are more than 600 Buddhist and Taoist temple in the territory. There are also almost 800 Christian churches and chapels, four mosques, a Hindu temple, a Sikh temple, and a Jewish synagogue. " |
| Sikhism | Hong Kong | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1998 | Kagda, Falaq. Hong Kong (series: Cultures of the World). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1998); pg. 73. | "Sikhism. Hong Kong has a small Sikh community. A unique feature of the Sikh Temple is that it provides free meals and short-term accomodation to overseas visitors of any faith. " |
| Sikhism | India | 3,238,803 | 1.02% | - | - | 1921 | Ferm, Vergilius (ed). An Encyclopedia of Religion; Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1976; 1st ed. pub. 1945 by Philosophical Library); pg. 368. | Table: "The latest census gives the following enumeration of the adherents... " [1921 and 1931 figures.] |
| Sikhism | India | 4,335,771 | - | - | - | 1931 | Ferm, Vergilius (ed). An Encyclopedia of Religion; Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1976; 1st ed. pub. 1945 by Philosophical Library); pg. 710. | "The last [Indian] census (1931) gav the number of Sikhs at 4,335,771. " |
| Sikhism | India | 4,355,771 | 1.24% | - | - | 1931 | Ferm, Vergilius (ed). An Encyclopedia of Religion; Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1976; 1st ed. pub. 1945 by Philosophical Library); pg. 368. | Table: "The latest census gives the following enumeration of the adherents... " [1921 and 1931 figures.] |
| Sikhism | India | 7,846,000 | 1.80% | - | - | 1961 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion; PDF file: "Presentation on Religon " (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Table: Population by religious communities, India - 1961 to 2001; Table: Percentage distribution (unadjusted) of population by religious communities India - 1961 to 2001 Census (without excluding Assam and Jammu & Kashmir [no census conducted there in 1981, 1991]) |
| Sikhism | India | 10,379,000 | 1.90% | - | - | 1971 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion; PDF file: "Presentation on Religon " (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Table: Population by religious communities, India - 1961 to 2001; Table: Percentage distribution (unadjusted) of population by religious communities India - 1961 to 2001 Census (without excluding Assam and Jammu & Kashmir [no census conducted there in 1981, 1991]) |
| Sikhism | India | 10,000,000 | 1.83% | - | - | 1971 | *LINK* web site: Invest India; web page: Religions of India (viewed 16 Jan. 1999) | "The 1971 census produced the following statistics: 453 million Hindu; 61 million Muslim; 14 million Christian; 10 million Sikh; 3.8 million Buddhist; 2.6 million Jain; 2.2 million Parsis, Jews and others " |
| Sikhism | India | 12,000,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1978 | Rice, Edward. Ten Religions of the East. New York: Four Winds Press (1978); pg. 78. | "Despite their small numbers--a mere 2% of India's six hundred million--the Sikhs are a very visible presence in today's India... Today they are said to furnish half the officer ranks of the Indian army... " |
| Sikhism | India | 13,078,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1981 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion; PDF file: "Presentation on Religon " (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Table: Population by religious communities, India - 1961 to 2001; Table: Percentage distribution (unadjusted) of population by religious communities India - 1961 to 2001 Census (without excluding Assam and Jammu & Kashmir [no census conducted there in 1981, 1991]) |
| Sikhism | India | 6,000,000 | 1.01% | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 359. | "Sikhism, closely linked to Northwest India, has perhaps 6 million adherents [in India]. " |
| Sikhism | India | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 692. | "The Sikh gurdwaras in India have an annual income of over Rs 5 crores (625 million U.S. dollars), which is dispersed by the S.G.P.C. to maintain schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and also to run the gurdwara kitchens. " |
| Sikhism | India | 6,000,000 | - | - | - | 1983 | Hopfe, Lews M. Religions of the World, Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York (1983) [3rd edition]; pg. 210. | "Sikhs have always been a minority among the other religions of India, and today they number only about six million. These people are found mainly in the Punjab region of northwest India, which has traditionally been their home. " |
| Sikhism | India | 16,260,000 | 1.90% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion; PDF file: "Presentation on Religon " (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Table: Population by religious communities, India - 1961 to 2001; Table: Percentage distribution (unadjusted) of population by religious communities India - 1961 to 2001 Census (without excluding Assam and Jammu & Kashmir [no census conducted there in 1981, 1991]) |
| Sikhism | India | 16,000,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1991 | Neusner, Jacob (ed). World Religions in America: An Introduction; Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press (1994); pg. 179. | Table: "breakdown of major religions in India, according to the population totals of the 1991 census, is roughly as follows " |
| Sikhism | India | - | 2.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Sikhism | India | 13,000,000 | 1.90% | - | - | 1993 | Breuilly, Elizabeth, et al. Religions of the World: The Illustrated Guide to Origins, Beliefs, Traditions & Festivals. Facts on File Inc.: New York, NY (1997); pg. 148. | "In 1993 India had approximately 13 million Sikhs--1.9 percent of the population. " |
| Sikhism | India | 12,800,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | "There are 16 million Sikhs worldwide. Over 80 percent live in India, mainly in the Punjab. " (80% of 16 million) |
| Sikhism | India | - | - | 2,000 units |
- | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 30-31. | "Over 2000 [gurdwaras] including 1000 in Punjab. " Map: Number of Sikh gurdwaras ( "a gurdwara is both a place of worship and community centre ") |
| Sikhism | India | 18,380,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Web site: "Council for World Mission "; web page: "India (CNI)/Church of North India (CNI) " (viewed 31 May 1999). | "Country information: Population (1994 United Nations estimate): 919 million... Main religions: Hinduism (82%), Islam (11%), Christianity (2%), Sikhism (2%)? " |
| Sikhism | India | 19,000,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Sikhism | India | 12,000,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1996 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 55, 58. | "Today there are 12 million Sikhs in India, 1 million in the U.S. and Canada, 500,000 in Great Britain. "; Pg. 58: "Some Sikh extremists imagine Khalistan [the hoped for Sikh state] extending to include most of present-day India, although Sikhs make up only about 2 percent of the entire population. " |
| Sikhism | India | 12,800,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | Breuilly, Elizabeth, et al. Religions of the World: The Illustrated Guide to Origins, Beliefs, Traditions & Festivals. Facts on File Inc.: New York, NY (1997); pg. 10 to 11. | "There are 16 million Sikhs worldwide. Over 80% of them live in India, mainly in the Punjab in northwestern India. There are sizable communities in the UK, USA and Canada; smaller ones in East Africa, Europe, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand. " |
| Sikhism | India | 19,335,664 | 2.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Hindu 80%, Muslim 14%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.7%, Jains 0.5%, other 0.4%; Total Population: 966,783,171. |
| Sikhism | India | 6,650,000 | 0.70% | - | - | 1997 | Russell, Malcom B. The Middle East and South Asia 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 77. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop.; "Population: 950 million (estimated 1997)... Principal Religions: Hindu (84%), Islam (11%), Christian (2%), Sikh (0.7%), Buddhist (0.7%), other " |
| Sikhism | India | 18,700,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 690. | "Some 18.7 million people, or 2% of India's population, are Sikh. " |
| Sikhism | India | 18,800,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 287. | "Location: India; Population: About 940 million; Religion: Hinduism (80%); Islam (14%); Christianity (2.4%); Sikhism (2%); Buddhism (0.7%); Jainism (0.5%)... " |
| Sikhism | India | - | 2.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World) | Table "Religions "; total population: 904,800,000 |
| Sikhism | India | 14,000,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* web site: "United Church of Canada Inter-Faith Dialogue "; web page: "Sikhism " (viewed 19 Feb. 1999), written by Fritz B. Voll, "Updated: Tue Jun 9 23:39:38 1998. " | "The world population of Sikhs is around 15 million. In India they number about 14 million (two percent of the total population). Most of these live in the Punjab province, which is divided between India and Pakistan. " |
| Sikhism | India | 19,000,000 | 2.00% | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Stack, Peggy Fletcher (compiler). "World View: Sikhs Celebrate 300 Years of Brotherhood " in Salt Lake Tribune (April 17, 1999). Viewed online 17 April 1999. | "Sikhs make up about 2 percent of India's 950 million people. In the United States, there are about 250,000 Sikhs. " |
| Sikhism | India | 19,216,000 | 1.90% | - | - | 2001 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion; PDF file: "Presentation on Religon " (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Table: Population by religious communities, India - 1961 to 2001; Table: Percentage distribution (unadjusted) of population by religious communities India - 1961 to 2001 Census (without excluding Assam and Jammu & Kashmir [no census conducted there in 1981, 1991]) |
| Sikhism | India | 19,215,730 | 1.87% | - | - | 2001 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Census 2001 data table: Religion |
| Sikhism | India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 1,587 | 0.45% | - | - | 2001 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Census 2001 data table: Religion |
| Sikhism | India: Andhra Pradesh | 21,910 | 0.03% | - | - | 1991 | *LINK* web site: "Mission India " | Table: "Religion 1991 " [based on census] |
| Sikhism | India: Andhra Pradesh | 30,998 | 0.04% | - | - | 2001 | *LINK* website: Census of India 2001; webpage: Data on Religion (Office of the Registrar General, India) (viewed 18 April 2005) | Census 2001 data table: Religion |
