Index
back to astrology - part-time astrologers, USA
| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| astrology - part-time astrologers | USA | 175,000 | - | - | - | 1986 | Hexham, Irving and Kala Poewe. Understanding Cults and New Religions; Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. (1986); pg. 28. | "In addition, there are at least 10,000 full-time and 175,000 part-time astrologers presently working in America alone. " |
| Atakapa | North America - Gulf Coasts and Tidal Swamps | 2,000 | - | - | - | 1650 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 93. | Table: "Gulf Coasts and Tidal Swamps: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Atakapa | world | 2,000 | - | - | - | 1650 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 93. | Table: "Gulf Coasts and Tidal Swamps: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Athanasianism | Egypt | - | - | - | - | 325 C.E. | Cavendish, Richard (ed.). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural (vol. 4). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1970). Chapter author: Roland H. Bainton.; pg. 470-471. | "A doctrinal dispute which arose in Egypt is known as the Arian-Athanasian controversy from the names of the opposing leaders, Arius and Athanasius. The Arians said that Christ was a creature; he was the first all creatures and he was associated with God in the creation of the world. But he did not have 'an eternal timeless generation' and 'there was when he was not'. The Athanasian party affirmed that Christ as the Son had been eternally present with God the Father... Holy Spirit was included in this relationship, the doctrine of the Trinity was complete... Supporters of this doctrine insisted that it was not tritheism... as their opponents claimed... The doctrine of the Athanasian party was adopted by the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. " |
| Athanasianism | Turkey | - | - | - | - | 325 C.E. | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 536. | "Nicaea, Council of. The first ecumenical council of the church, which met in the ancient city of Nicaea (modern Iznik, Turkey), beginning on June 19, 325... was summoned by the first Christian emperor, Constantine, and concluding its work... The exact number of bishops who attended is not known, and no minutes of the proceedings are preserved. However, a highly apologetic letter of Eusebius of Caesarea (in Socrates, Ecclesiastical History 1.8.35) preserves the earliest text of the creed; and Athanasius of Alexandria (De Decretis 19-20) details some of the theological debate which led, for the first time in history, to the insertion of a nonscriptural term into a creed (Gr. Homoousios; 'of the same substance') to describe the relation of God to Christ... " |
| Athanasianism | world | - | - | - | - | 440 C.E. | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 75. | "Athanasian Creed. Probably composed sometime between 440 and 542 in the vicinity of the monastery at Lerins. Of uncertain authorship, it is a masterful statement of Augustinian theology in its affirmation of the Trinity and the doctrine of the person of Jesus Christ, but its greatness is obscured by its dogmatism. " |
| Athanasianism | world | - | - | - | - | 450 C.E. | *LINK* Hexham, Irving. Concise Dictionary of Religion. Carol Stream, USA: InterVarsity Press (1994). (v. online 6 Oct. 1999) | "...Arianism had a wide following in the Empire and the sympathies of Roman Emperors, Athanasius was hounded through five exiles totaling seventeen years of flight and hiding... ATHANASIAN CREED: a CHRISTIAN CREED dating from the fifth century which concentrates on the doctrines of the INCARNATION and TRINITY that has been attributed to ATHANASIUS. " |
| Athapaskans | USA | 13,738 | - | - | - | 1990 | Utter, Jack. American Indians: Answers to Today's Questions. Lake Ann, MI: National Woodlands Publishing Co. (1993); pg. 38. | Table: "Largest American Indian Tribes (as identified in the 1990 Census, through self-reporting) " |
| Atheism | Africa | 300,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* web site: New Religious Movements (University of Virginia) (viewed 1998) [Orig. source: 1994 World Almanac] | - |
| Atheism | Africa | 427,000 | 0.06% | - | - | 1995 | The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 646. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "; "Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " (Sep. figures for "Nonreligious ") |
| Atheism | Africa | 440,000 | 0.06% | - | - | 1996 | The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 654. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "; "Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " (Sep. figures for "Nonreligious ") |
| Atheism | Africa | 316,000 | 0.05% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Humanism " (viewed 2 March 1999); Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357. | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; "Secular Humanists are sometimes hard to classify, and perhaps even more difficult to obtain demographic data about. The following distribution lists two groups: Nonreligious and Atheists. Nonreligious are defined as persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, and dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion. Atheists are defined as persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " |
| Atheism | Africa | 420,000 | 0.05% | - | - | 1998 | World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999). [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 695. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "; "Atheists. Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " |
| Atheism | Africa | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Cote D'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and Zambia, are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Albania | - | - | - | - | 1988 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 4 - Europe. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 27. | "By the 19th century, Islam became the predominant religion, claiming about 70% of the population while some 20% remained Orthodox and 10% Roman Catholic. These groupings remained stable until the Communist government outlawed religion in 1967, making Albania the world's only atheist state. Freedom of religion was restored only in 1989-90. However, the overwhelming majority of Albania's population was born under the Communist regime, which pursued an aggressively atheistic policy. " |
| Atheism | Albania | - | 0.00% | - | - | 1997 | Wright, David K. Albania ( "Enchantment of the World Second Series "). New York: Children's Press (1997); pg. 102. | "...because of the shared struggle for independence, the Albanian people have developed religious tolerance. You can admit to being anything but an atheist in today's Albania, says an expert on the country. People who claim to be atheists are thought to be Communists and therefore supporters of the disgraced Hoxha and Alia regimes. " |
| Atheism | Algeria | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Armenia | - | 7.00% | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Inglehart et al (2004), 14% of those in Armenia do not believe in God, although only 7% are self-described atheists (Froese, 2004). " [Source: Froese, Paul. 2004. "After Atheism: An Analysis of Religious Monopolies in the Post-Communist World. " Sociology of Religion 65(1):57-75.] |
| Atheism | Asia | 161,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* web site: New Religious Movements (University of Virginia) (viewed 1998) [Orig. source:1994 World Almanac] | - |
| Atheism | Asia | 174,174,000 | 5.04% | - | - | 1995 | The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 646. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "; "Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " (Sep. figures for "Nonreligious ") |
| Atheism | Asia | 175,450,000 | 4.99% | - | - | 1996 | The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 654. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "; "Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " (Sep. figures for "Nonreligious ") |
| Atheism | Asia | 161,414,000 | 5.00% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Humanism " (viewed 2 March 1999); Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357. | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; "Secular Humanists are sometimes hard to classify, and perhaps even more difficult to obtain demographic data about. The following distribution lists two groups: Nonreligious and Atheists. Nonreligious are defined as persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, and dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion. Atheists are defined as persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). "; [Asia is distinct from Eurasia in this table.] |
| Atheism | Asia | 121,451,000 | 3.38% | - | - | 1998 | World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999). [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 695. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "; "Atheists. Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " |
| Atheism | Australia | 7,200 | 0.04% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* Anglican Communion News Service (ACNS). "Australia: Statistics Show Australians Religious Affiliation " in ACNS #1315, 3 Sept. 1997 [97.8.5.2] (viewed online 24 June 1999). | "According to figures recently released by the Australian government's Bureau of Statistics... of Australia's nearly 18 million people... statistics... from the nation's latest census in 1996 [which] includes the question: 'What is your religion?'... The figures from the latest census show a slight decline in religious identification from the figure of 76.6% in 1991; 16.5% now claim to have 'no religion', but only 0.04% describe themselves as 'atheists'. " |
| Atheism | Australia | 7,496 | 0.04% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* Parliament of Australia web site; page: "Census 96: Religion " (viewed 18 Dec. 1999) | Self-identification, from 1996 govt. census. |
| Atheism | Australia | - | 25.00% | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Norris and Inglehart (2004), 25% of those in Australia do not believe in God. " [Source: Norris, Pippa and Ronald Inglehart. 2004. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.] |
| Atheism | Azerbaijan | - | 1.00% | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Froese (2004), less than 1% of those in Azerbaijan and 4% of those in Georgia are atheist. " [Source: Froese, Paul. 2004. "After Atheism: An Analysis of Religious Monopolies in the Post-Communist World. " Sociology of Religion 65(1):57-75.] |
| Atheism | Benin | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Botswana | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Bulgaria | - | 17.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Greeley (2003), 40% of Bulgarians do not believe in God, but only 17% self-identify as 'atheist.' " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
| Atheism | Burkina Faso | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Burundi | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Cameroon | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Canada | - | 6.00% | - | - | 2002 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Bibby (2002), when asked 'Do you believe that God exists?' 6% of Canadians answered 'No, I definitely do not' and another 13% answered, 'No, I don't think so,' for a total of 19% being classified as either atheist or agnostic. " [Source: Bibby, Reginald. 2002. Restless Gods: The Renaissance of Religion in Canada. Toronto, Canada: Stoddart Publishing Company] |
| Atheism | Chad | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | China | - | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 108. | "Atheism continues to be the official position of the governments of China, North Korea and Cuba. Here, large organizations are to be found and impressive numbers are cited. " Politically correct, but not deep conviction there. |
| Atheism | China | - | 14.00% | - | - | 1993 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to O'Brien and Palmer (1993), between 10-14% of those in China are 'avowed atheists.' " [Source: O'Brien, Joanne and Martin Palmer. 1993. The State of Religion Atlas. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster] |
| Atheism | China | 146,000,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Atheism | China | - | 10.00% | - | - | 2000 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Marshall (2000), 10% of those in China identify as 'atheist.' " |
| Atheism | China | - | 8.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "As a result of periodic repression of religion by various dictators (Guest, 2003), survey data of religious belief in the most populous country in the world - China - is extremely unreliable (Demerath, 2001:154). Only recently has sound scholarship begun to emerge, and even that is of limited scope (Yang, 2004). Estimates of high degrees of atheism in China are most likely exaggerations (Overmyer, 2003). That said, according to Barrett et al (2001), 8% of the Chinese are atheist. " [Sources: Guest, Kenneth. 2003. God in Chinatown. New York, NY: New York University Press; Yang, Fenggang. 2004. "Between Secularist Ideology and Desecularizing Reality: The Birth and Growth of Religious Research in Communist China. " Sociology of Religion 65(20):101-119; Overmyer, D.L. ,editor. 2003. Religion in China Today. Cambridge University Press; Barrett, David, et al. 2001. World Christian Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Oxford University Press] |
| Atheism | China | - | - | - | - | 2005 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "Assessing rates of belief or disbelief among large populations is extremely difficult... A third methodological problem involves the political or cultural climate of a given country. In a totalitarian country where atheism is governmentally promulgated and risks are present for citizens viewed as disloyal (e.g., China or North Korea), individuals will be reluctant to admit that they do believe in God. " |
| Atheism | Cote d'Ivoire | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Cuba | - | - | - | - | 1993 | O'Brien, J. & M. Palmer. The State of Religion Atlas. Simon & Schuster: New York (1993); pg. 108. | "Atheism continues to be the official position of the governments of China, North Korea and Cuba. Here, large organizations are to be found and impressive numbers are cited. " Politically correct, but not deep conviction there. |
| Atheism | Cuba | 710,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Atheism | Cuba | - | 7.00% | - | - | 2001 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Barrett et al (2001), 30% of Cubans are nonreligious, with 7% claiming to be atheist. " [Source: Barrett, David, George Kurian, and Todd Johnson. 2001. World Christian Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Oxford University Press] |
| Atheism | Cyprus | - | 1.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Greeley (2003), 4% of those in Cyprus do not believe in God, although only 1% choose to identify as 'atheist.' " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | 4,098,733 | 39.80% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%; Total population: 10,298,324. |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | 3,848,000 | 37.00% | - | - | 1997 | Shoemaker, M. Wesley. Russia, Eurasian States, and Eastern Europe 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 246. | "Czech Republic... Population: 10.4 million... Roman Catholic (38=9%), Protestant (4.6%), Orthodox (3%), Atheist (37%), Other (16.2%) " |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | - | 51.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* official government info web site | "After forty years of official suppression, a question concerning religious faith was again included in the most recent census. The results show that more than 50% of the population describe themselves as atheist... " |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | - | 39.90% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* official government info web site | Table |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | - | 20.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "...the designation 'atheist' is highly stigmatized in many societies, so that even when people directly claim to not believe in God, they still eschew the specific self-designation of 'atheist.' Greeley (2003) found that 29% of Latvians, 41% of Norwegians, 48% of the French, and 54% of Czechs claimed to not believe in God, but only 9%, 10%, 19%, and 20% of those respondents self-identified as 'atheist,' respectively. " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | - | 20.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Greeley (2003), 54% of Czechs do not believe in God, although only 20% self-identify as 'atheist.' " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
| Atheism | Czech Republic | - | 61.00% | - | - | 2005 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "...innate/neural theories of belief in God cannot explain the dramatically different rates of belief among similar countries. Consider Britain (31-44% atheist) compared to Ireland (4-5% atheist), the Czech Republic (54-61% atheist) compared to Poland (3-6% atheist), and South Korea (30-52% atheist) compared to the Philippines (less than 1% atheist). " |
| Atheism | Denmark | - | 15.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Greeley (2003), 43% of Danes do not believe in God, although only 15% self-identify as 'atheist.' " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
| Atheism | Estonia | - | 11.00% | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "Inglehart et al (2004) found that 49% of Estonians do not believe in God, although only 11% are self-described atheists (Froese, 2004). " [Source: Froese, Paul. 2004. "After Atheism: An Analysis of Religious Monopolies in the Post-Communist World. " Sociology of Religion 65(1):57-75.] |
| Atheism | Ethiopia | - | - | - | - | 2004 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to a 2004 survey commissioned by the BBC, Hiorth (2001) Inglehart et al (2004, 1998), Barrett et al (2001), the 1999 Gallup International Poll, and Johnstone (1993), less than 1% of those in [33 African countries listed, including this one], are atheist, agnostic, or nonreligious. " |
| Atheism | Eurasia | 55,898,000 | 19.10% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Humanism " (viewed 2 March 1999); Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357. | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; "Secular Humanists are sometimes hard to classify, and perhaps even more difficult to obtain demographic data about. The following distribution lists two groups: Nonreligious and Atheists. Nonreligious are defined as persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, and dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion. Atheists are defined as persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " |
| Atheism | Europe | 18,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* web site: New Religious Movements (University of Virginia) (viewed 1998) [Orig. source: 1994 World Almanac] | - |
| Atheism | Europe | 40,085,000 | 5.51% | - | - | 1995 | The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 646. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "; "Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " (Sep. figures for "Nonreligious ") |
| Atheism | Europe | 40,845,000 | 5.61% | - | - | 1996 | The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ), [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 654. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "; "Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " (Sep. figures for "Nonreligious ") |
| Atheism | Europe | 17,604,000 | 3.50% | - | - | 1996 | *LINK* web site: "The Geography of Religion Website " (assembled by the students of Morehead State University, under Prof. Timothy C. Pitts); web page: "The Geography of Humanism " (viewed 2 March 1999); Markham, Ian S., (Editor), A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers (1996), pp. 356-357. | table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; "Secular Humanists are sometimes hard to classify, and perhaps even more difficult to obtain demographic data about. The following distribution lists two groups: Nonreligious and Atheists. Nonreligious are defined as persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, and dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion. Atheists are defined as persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " |
| Atheism | Europe | 23,444,000 | 3.21% | - | - | 1998 | World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999). [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; pg. 695. | Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "; "Atheists. Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including antireligious (opposed to all religion). " |
| Atheism | France | 1,990,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Atheism | France | - | 19.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "...the designation 'atheist' is highly stigmatized in many societies, so that even when people directly claim to not believe in God, they still eschew the specific self-designation of 'atheist.' Greeley (2003) found that 29% of Latvians, 41% of Norwegians, 48% of the French, and 54% of Czechs claimed to not believe in God, but only 9%, 10%, 19%, and 20% of those respondents self-identified as 'atheist,' respectively. " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
| Atheism | France | - | 19.00% | - | - | 2003 | Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns ", chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005) | "According to Greeley (2003), 48% of the French do not believe in God, although only 19% self-identify as 'atheist.' " [Source: Greeley, Andrew. 2003. Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers] |
